Periscope ,its types & uses.

In these slides we define how periscope works,its types +features + history +uses etc.

1. PERISCOPE Group # 3 : OBAID ULLAH ANEEQ AHMED M.JUNAID TABASSUM PRESENATION APLLIED PHYSICS

2. periscope

3. What is a periscope A periscope is an optical device for conducting observations from a concealed or protected position. Periscopes consist of reflecting mirrors or prisms at opposite ends of a tube container. The reflecting surfaces are parallel to each other and at a 45° angle to the axis of the tube.

4. History Johannes Gutenberg, marketed a kind of periscope in the 1430s to see over the heads of the crowd at the vigintennial religious festival at Aachen. In 1854 Hippolyte Marié -Davy invented the first naval periscope, consisting of a vertical tube with two small mirrors fixed at each end at 45 ° . Simon Lake used periscopes in his submarines in 1902.

5. In world war I & II Periscopes , in some cases fixed to rifles, served in World War I (1914-1918) to enable soldiers to see over the tops of trenches, thus avoiding exposure to enemy fire. During World War II (1939-1945), officers used specifically-manufactured periscope binoculars with different mountings.

6. Introduction A periscope is an instrument used for observation over, around or through an object, obstacle or condition that prevents direct line-of-sight observation from an observer's current position. Types of Periscope 1: Simple Periscope 2: Complex Periscope

7. Simple periscope In its simplest form, it consists of an outer case with mirrors at each end. S et parallel to each other at a 45-degree angle . This form of periscope, with the addition of two simple lenses, served for observation purposes in the trenches during World war I.

8. Complex periscope In complex periscopes, prisms are used instead of mirrors. A dvanced fiber optics instead of mirrors to provide magnification. O perate on submarine and in various fields of science .

9. Working Principle of periscope A periscope works on the Laws of Reflection. The light from the object falls on one mirror (placed at 45° to the object) and is reflected. This reflected light in turn falls on another mirror and is again reflected until it reaches the human eye.

10. Construction of a periscope Periscopes can be constructed using a pair of flat mirrors or prisms and a rectangular hollow tube having a viewing window at the top and bottom. The mirrors are fixed at an angle of 45 o at the two ends of the rectangular hollow.

11. Uses of periscope Periscopes are found in a variety of applications but they are almost synonymous with their use in submarines. In a similar 'threat detection' application, periscopes are often used on battlefields to look out of trenches safely without exposing the observer's body.

12. USE IN SUBMARINE The periscopes allow the submarine to search visually for the nearby targets and threats on the surface of the water and in the air when they are submerged at a shallow depth . The periscope is used in the submarines to see the events which happening behind a wall or a barrier , and some submarines use complex periscopes which use the prisms instead of mirrors to provide them the magnification .

13. USE IN TANK Tanks  use periscopes extensively: they allow military personnel to check out their situation without leaving the safety of the tank. An important development, the  Gundlach rotatry periscope, incorporated a rotating top, allowing a tank commander to obtain a 360-degree field of view without moving his seat.  This design, patented by Rudolf Gundlach  in 1936, first used in the Polish 7-TP light tank (produced from 1935 to 1939). 

14. USE IN MEDICINE One of the most widely used applications for periscopes is in medicine. They're a less obtrusive method for looking into the human body to detect illness and disease than surgery is and are used in endoscopes .   USE IN LABOROTRAY The periscope is used to monitor the dangerous chemical reactions in the laboratory , and they are used in observing the nuclear reactors .

15. USE IN FUEL TANKS The periscopes are used to observe the dangerous places , they are used in the fuel tanks to see around and above the vehicles .