Permanent Maxillary & Mandibular Canine

Permanent Maxillary & Mandibular Canine

1. PERMANENT MAXILLARY CANINE By Dr . Abhishek Solanki

2. Introduction Canines are very long and stable teeth There are 4 canines (2 Maxillary & 2 Mandibular) placed at corner of mouth & hence called ‘corner stones’ of the dentition Single pointed cusp present so also called cuspids The canine's role in mastication is mainly tearing, which is intermediate between incising of anterior teeth & grinding of the posterior teeth

3. Arch position - The permanent maxillary canine replaces deciduous maxillary canine & is located 3rd from midline in each maxillary quadrant Mesial contact : Maxillary lateral incisor Distal contact : Maxillary first premolar

4. Tooth Numbering Systems UNIVERSAL SYSTEM - 6,11 ZSIGMONDY / PALMER - 3 3 FDI SYSTEM - 13, 23

5. Chronology First evidence of calcification : 4-5 months Enamel completed : 6-7 yr Eruption : 11-12yrs Root completed : 13-15yrs

6. Average Dimension (in mm) Crown Length 10 Root Length 17 Mesiodistal Diameter at Contact Area 7.5 Mesiodistal Diameter at Cervical Lines 5.5 Labiolingual Diameter at Crest of Curvature 08 Labiolingual Diameter at Cervical Lines 07 Curvature of Cervical Line : Mesial 2.5 Curvature of Cervical Line : Distal 1.5

7. Labial Aspect The crown of maxillary canine is narrower mesiodistally than that of maxillary central incisor It has two slopes (cusp ridges), the mesial slope being shorter than the distal slope The labial surface is smooth and bulky in the middle because of the labial ridge

8. Imbrication lines can often be found in cervical 3rd of the facial surface : “Lines of Pickerell ” Mesial outline : usually convex & rounded mesioincisal angle Height of contour (mesial margin) : at contact area (junction of incisal & middle thirds)

9. Distal margin : Shorter than the mesial margin & also has a more rounded incisal angle Height of contour : at contact area (middle 3rd) Incisal margin - divided into two components by tip of cusp & are termed the mesioincisal and distoincisal slopes (or mesial & distal cusp ridges)

10. Labial surface is convex in all directions, but curvature is more pronounced mesiodistally General outline of the surface is pentagonal Incisal aspect has a large cusp with a pointed cusp tip Labial aspect Labial ridge Cusp tip Distal cusp ridge Mesial Cusp Ridge

11. Lingual Aspect Crown and root are narrower lingually Cingulum is well developed, large & sometimes pointed like a cusp Cervical line curves asymmetrically toward the apex with a slight offset to the distal

12. A well developed lingual ridge is seen which divides mesial & distal lingual fossae Heavy marginal ridges are associated with well formed cingulum and fossae CL : Cervical line C : Cingulum MMR : mesial marginal ridge DMR : distal marginal ridge LR : lingual ridge DLF : distolingual fossa

13. Mesial Aspect From the mesial aspect canine looks similar but bulkier than maxillary central incisor Maxillary canine is the widest anterior tooth labiolingually The cervical line curvature is towards incisally The contact area is near the junction of the incisal and middle third

14. Distal Aspect Distal surface is very similar to the mesial surface The cervical line exhibits less curvature The distal surface is generally smaller, with resultant shorter labial and lingual margins. Height of contour is located at a more cervical level. The contact are is near the middle third

15. Incisal Aspect The labiolingual dimension is greater than the mesiodistal dimension Maxillary canine is generally convex in both its labial and lingual outlines The cusp tip is labial to the centre of the crown labiolingually and mesial to the centre mesiodistally The labial ridge and the cingulum are very noticeable from this aspect Incisal aspect

16. MLF, mesiolingual fossa; MCR, mesial cusp ridge; DCR, distal cusp ridge; DLF, distolingual fossa; C, cingulum

17. Root Only one Longest and strongest of all the teeth in the mouth Mesial & distal surfaces of root have developmental depressions From all aspects, the root tapers gradually to a sharp, or slightly blunted apex Wider labiolingually than mesiodistally Lingual and labial surfaces are convex

18. Labial aspect Lingual aspect Mesial aspect Distal aspect Incisal aspect Mandibular Canine

19. Tooth Numbering Systems UNIVERSAL SYSTEM - 22,27 ZSIGMONDY / PALMER - 3 3 FDI SYSTEM - 33, 43

20. Chronology First evidence of calcification : 4-5 months Enamel completed : 6-7 yr Eruption : 9-10yrs Root completed : 12-14yrs

21. Average Dimensions in millimeters 2.5 1.0 7.0 7.5 5.5 7.0 16.0 11.0 Curvature of Cervical Line M D Labiolingual Diameter at Cervical Line Labiolingual Diameter at Crest of Curvature Mesiodistal Diameter at Cervical Line Mesiodistal Diameter at Contact Area Root Length Crown Length

22. Labial aspect Mandibular canines are similar to maxillary canines except that they are slightly narrower mesiodistally Mesial outline of the crown is straight and inline with the mesial outline of the root The mesial cusp ridge is smaller than the distal cusp ridge

23. Mesial outline : straight & obtuse mesioincisal angle Distal outline : convex & rounded distoincisal angle Incisal aspect : not sharp as max canine

24. Lingual aspect Mesial, distal, and incisal outlines - These margins mimic those of the labial aspect Cingulum is less prominent and marginal ridges are less distinct

25. Mesial and Distal aspects These aspects are very similar and the cervical line curves more on the mesial aspect The contact area on mesial aspect is in the incisal third and a little higher on the distal third

26. Incisal aspect Like maxillary canine the labiolingual dimension is more than the mesiodistal dimension The cusp tip appears inclined in a lingual direction Root The root is shorter by 1 or 2 mm than max. c anine The developmental depression is more pronounced on the lower canine

27. References CONCISE DENTAL ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY : JAMES L FULLER DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & OCCLUSION: WHEELER’S TEXTBOOK OF DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY & OCCLUSION: RASHMI GS (PHULARI) INTERNET