Personal hygiene and health

Personal Hygiene and Healthcare : Avoidable habits
PCI Syllabus, 8th Semester
Bachelor of Pharmacy, BP802T

1. Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattnaik MBBS, PGDMCH, PGDHM Asst Professor Personal Hygiene And Healthcare : Avoidable Habits

2. Hygiene It comes from a Greek Word “ Hygiea ”, which means the goddess of health or cleanliness. It means “Healthy” or “Sound (the best)”

3. Personal Hygiene Personal hygiene is how you care for your body. This practice includes bathing, washing your hands, brushing your teeth, and more. Every day, you come into contact with millions of outside germs and viruses. They can linger on your body, and in some cases, they may make you sick. Personal hygiene practices can help you and the people around you prevent illnesses. They can also help you feel good about your appearance .

4. Good Personal Hygiene Good personal hygiene involves keeping all parts of the external body clean and healthy. It is important for maintaining both physical and mental health. In people with poor personal hygiene, the body provides an ideal environment for germs to grow, leaving it vulnerable to infection. On a social level, people may avoid a person with poor personal hygiene, which may result in isolation and loneliness.

5. Types of Personal Hygiene Toilet Hygiene Shower Hygiene Nail Hygiene Teeth Hygiene Sickness Hygiene Hands Hygiene

6. Toilet hygiene Wash your hands after you use the restroom. Scrub with soap for 20 to 30 seconds, and be sure to clean between your fingers, on the back of your hands, and under your nails. Rinse with warm water, and dry with a clean towel. If you don’t have running water or soap, an alcohol-based hand sanitizer will also work. Use one that’s at least 60 percent alcohol.

7. Shower hygiene Personal preference may dictate how often you wish to shower, but most people will benefit from a rinse at least every other day. Showering with soap helps rinse away dead skin cells, bacteria, and oils. You should also wash your hair at least twice a week. Shampooing your hair and scalp helps remove skin buildup and protects against oily residues that can irritate your skin.

8. Nail hygiene Trim your nails regularly to keep them short and clean. Brush under them with a nail brush or washcloth to rinse away buildup, dirt, and germs. Tidying your nails helps you prevent spreading germs into your mouth and other body openings. You should also avoid biting your nails.

9. Teeth hygiene Good dental hygiene is about more than just pearly white teeth. Caring for your teeth and gums is a smart way to prevent gum diseases and cavities. Brush at least twice a day for 2 minutes. Aim to brush after you wake up and before bed. If you can, brush after every meal, too. Floss between your teeth daily, and ask your dentist about using an antibacterial mouthwash. These two steps can help prevent tooth decay and eliminate pockets where bacteria and germs can build up.

10. Sickness hygiene If you’re not feeling well, you should take steps to keep from spreading germs to others. This includes covering your mouth and nose when sneezing, wiping down shared surfaces with an antibacterial wipe, and not sharing any utensils or electronics. Also, immediately throw away any soiled tissues.

11. Hands hygiene Germs on your hands can easily enter your body through your mouth, nose, eyes, or ears. Wash your hands: when you handle food before you eat if you handle garbage when you sneeze any time you touch an animal Likewise, wash your hands after changing a baby’s diaper, helping someone clean themselves, or when cleaning a cut or wound.

12. Menstrual and genital hygiene It is important to change sanitary products regularly and to wash the hands before and after changing tampons, pads, or any other sanitary products. As vaginas are self-cleaning, using soap to clean the vagina can cause an imbalance of its natural bacteria and lead to infections. The vulva (the external part of the vagina) should only need cleaning once a day using a mild soap and water. People with an uncircumcised penis can clean it by gently pulling back the foreskin and washing underneath it with warm water or soap.

13. Types of personal Care Regular routine personal care, washing and grooming of 1. hair 2. face and skin 3. teeth 4. ears 5. hands 6. nails 7. feet 8. body

14. Hair Hair is made of dead cells. Hair is important because it brings oil to the surface of the skin. Hair helps warm the body by trapping a layer of air next to the scalp.

15. Hair Care Tips Wash regularly with shampoo. Rinse hair thoroughly with clear water after shampooing to remove all the soap. Don't scrub or rub too hard . It may irritate your scalp or damage your hair.

16. Massage your scalp well. It will remove dead skin cells, excess oil and dirt ? Brush hair daily Wash combs and brushes frequently Don’t share combs, brushes etc. Brushing helps keep the scalp clean by loosening and removing dust and dead cells. It also adds shine

17. Hair & Scalp problems Dandruff Head lice Splitting and breaking

18. Dandruff A flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells on the scalp. This condition is usually caused by dry skin. There is no cure for dandruff, but it can be controlled with special shampoos.

19. Head Lice Parasitic insects that live on the hair shaft and cause itching. Lice can’t fly or jump from person to person, but they are easy to catch from other people.

20. Avoiding and Treating Head Lice Don’t share: Combs, brushes, hats ,barrettes or other hair things, headphones. Use special shampoo and wash your hair immediately. Any linens and clothes you have used should be washed in hot water or dry-cleaned.

21. Splitting & Breaking Too much heat can cause the layered cells of your hair to split apart and even break off. Wind, chlorine, chemical treatments, and permanent hair dye can weaken hair in the same way. If you put your hair in a ponytail , use a coated rubber band or soft cloth hair band. Non-cushioned or uncovered elastic bands can cause severe breakage.

22. Skin Care Tips Bathe or shower regularly using soap Do not scrub violently If possible, bathe or shower after exercise – especially after sweating Use antiperspirants decreases perspiration and cover odor with a manly smell Wear clean clothes Reduce stress levels which irritates the skin Maintain a healthy diet

23. Skin Care Tips Wash your face 2 times a day. Avoid washing too often, as the skin will become irritated and dry out. Keep oily hair away from your skin Avoid touching acne except when washing Don’t squeeze or pick the pimples Try to avoid touching the face. Keep hands clean by washing them often.

24. Protect yourself from the sun Wear sunscreen and reapply it every hour. Wear a hat, T-shirt, and sunglasses. Drink plenty of fluids. Protect yourself from UV Rays

25. How to avoid Dental problems Brushing & Flossing Daily dental hygiene routine that consist of brushing for 2-4 minutes and flossing If possible, brush after every meal or rinse your mouth with warm water. Use a soft-bristled brush.

26. Brushing & Flossing Replace your toothbrush every 2-3 months or after an illness. Use toothpaste that contains fluoride. Flossing removes food trapped between your teeth and gum lines that rinsing and brushing miss.

27. Dental care Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Include foods that contain calcium, such as milk and yogurt. Limit intake of sugar. See a dentist every 6 months

28. HAND HYGIENE First, wet hands and apply liquid or clean bar of soap. Next, rub your hands together and scrub all surfaces (palms, fingers, and in between). Continue for 10-15 seconds. Soap combined with the scrubbing action that helps remove germs. Rinse well and dry your hands.

29. Nails and cuticles The part of the nail that can be seen and touched is composed of dead cells. Thin skin-like layer at the base of each nail is called cuticle. A non-living band of tissue. Nails protect the sensitive tip of our fingers and toes. Without proper care they can become weak, ingrown or infected.

30. Nail Care Keep nails trim but do not cut nails shorter than skin level. Keep nails clean. Round your fingernails slightly when trimming them. Cut toe nails straight across. Smooth rough nail edges with a file or emery board.

31. Cuticles Care Clean and soften your hands in warm water. To keep your cuticles neat, push them back after soaking your hands, while they are soft. You may also use cuticle remover, a chemical that dissolves the cuticle

32. Feet Care Large collection of sweat glands live in our feet Wash your feet well at least once a day. Dry them carefully, especially between the toes. Keep feet and skin clean and dry Change socks daily Avoid walking barefoot in public areas

33. Bathing hygiene for kids Give your baby baths regularly, but by about age 5, they should be able to handle this task on their own. As they’re growing and you’re supervising bath time, you should take the opportunity to teach about washing all the different body parts, especially: Armpits, groins, neck, belly, knees, elbows, back, feet You can also use this time to teach them how to wash their hair without getting suds in their eyes — and what to do if they do .

34. Side effect of poor hygiene Good personal hygiene habits are directly related to less illnesses and better health. Poor personal hygiene habits, however, can lead to some minor side effects, like body odor and greasy skin. They can also lead to more troublesome or even serious issues. For example, if you don’t wash your hands frequently, you can easily transfer germs and bacteria to your mouth or eyes. This can lead to any number of issues, from stomach viruses to pink eye.

35. Side effect of poor hygiene Not brushing your teeth can lead to teeth issues and plaque buildup. Poor dental care is also a risk factor for several serious health issues, including heart disease. Poor hygiene habits can also affect your self-esteem. Looking and feeling presentable can give you a confidence boost and a sense of pride in your appearance.

36. Poor Hygiene Diseases scabies pubic lice head lice body lice diarrhea athlete’s foot ringworm pinworms swimmer’s ear hot tub rash

37. Routine Hygiene Tips Helpful tips for creating a hygiene routine include the following: Make it a habit : With daily practice, a new habit can become a regular part of life. Choose one area to focus on and practice until it becomes second nature. Set reminders : Using the notes app on a cell phone can be a great way to avoid forgetting any tasks. Use rewards : A sticker chart can be a brilliant incentive for children to maintain their personal hygiene. Invest in nice toiletries : Using products that smell good may encourage some people to stick to their personal hygiene routine.

38. Conclusion Keeping the body clean has positive effects on a person’s social life and their physical and mental health. Personal hygiene is simply looking after the body and keeping it clean and healthy. Developing and maintaining a personal hygiene routine is key to having a healthy body and mind .

39. Dr Jyoti Prasad Pattanayak MBBS, PGDMCH, PGDHM Asst Professor Dept of Pharmacology Roland Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences Khodasingi , Berhampur , 760010, Odisha