PERSONAL-IDENTIFICATION-CHAPTER-1-1.pptx

Educational Purposes

1. PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION Prepared by: SONNY JOE S. GARINO RCrim

2. History of Fingerprint The development of fingerprint science predates the Christian era by many centuries. Pre-historic Indian picture writing of hand with crudely marked ridge patterns, fingerprints impressions on clay tablets recording business transactions in ancient Babylon, and clay seals of ancient Chinese Origin bearing thumb prints, were found as evidence of early use of fingerprint as identification of persons impressing the prints.

3. History of Fingerprint The formal study began as early as 1686 but has finally gained official use in 1858 by Sir William James Herschel, a British chief administrative officer in Hoogly District of Bengal, India. Herschel used fingerprints in India to prevent fraudulent collection of army pay accounts and for identity on other documents In 1880 two major developments were achieved that ushered to a more holistic acceptance of fingerprint use. Dr. Henry Faulds , an English doctor based in Japan, wrote to publication Nature on the practical use of fingerprints for the identification of criminals. His argument was supported by his studies and successful experiments on permanency of one’s fingerprint. After Fauld’s breakthrough, Sir Francis Galton, a noted British anthropologist and scientist Charles Darwin’s cousin, devised the first scientific method of classifying fingerprint patterns.

4. Method of Identification Before the Science of Fingerprint 1. Tattoo Marks - Tattoos can even tell a story as to a person's affiliations and background. That can be especially true of gang members, who often ink themselves with symbols identifying their gang affiliation, making it easier for law enforcement to make criminal connections.

5. Method of Identification Before the Science of Fingerprint 2. Scar Marks - Scars are often the result of past wounds or injuries that may have acquired.

6. ANTHROPOMETRY 3. Anthropometry – The first scientific method of identification done by measuring various bony structure of the human body devised by Alphonse Bertillion

7. Alphonse Bertillion = Father of Personal Identification . The first to devise a scientific method of identification called Anthropometry . Around 1870 a French anthropologist devised a system to measure and records the dimensions of certain bony parts of the body. These measurements were reduced to a formula which, theoretically, would apply only to one person and would not change during his/her adult life. This Bertillion System, named after its inventor, Alphonse Bertillion was generally accepted for thirty years

8. In 1888, Bertillion was made Chief of the newly created Department of Identity in Paris, Where he used anthropometry as the main means of identification. He later introduced fingerprints, but relegated them to a secondary role in the category of special marks. Bertillion was involved in the first recorded case of a conviction using fingerprints in Paris in 1902, but still maintained that anthropometry was the superior system.

9. THE WEST CASE In 1903, Bertillion System never recovered, when a man named Will West was sentenced to the U.S Penintentiary at Leavenworth, Kansas. There was already a prisoner at the penitentiary at the time whose bertillion measurements were nearly exact, and his name was William West. Upon investigation, there were indeed two men. They looked exactly alike, but were allegedly not related. Their names were Will and William West respectively. Their Bertillion measurements were close to identify them as the same person. However, a fingerprint comparison quickly identified them as two different people. The West men, it was later discovered were identical twin brothers.

10. THE WEST CASE The case of Will West and William West defeats the Anthropometry System. WILLIAM WEST (1901) Primarily Whorl patterns 13/32 WILL WEST (1903) Primarily Loop patterns 30/23 It was reported by Wilder and Wentworth in 1918 on their accounting or inventory A Arrested in Kansas for Murder Minor crime

11. ORIGIN OF FINGERPRINTS Chinese - are the ones noted to be the first user of fingerprint. Use fingeprints as symbolism in the early part of their rituals until they utilize it in the signing of a contract on the part of the illiterate. A Chinese deed of sale, 1839, signed with a finger print. In China fingeperint is called “Hua Chi”

12. Emperor Te in Shi The first Chinese ruler who devised a “seal carved from white jade”. One side is the name of owner & the other side is impression thumb They used the said seal as sealing documents as authenticity But in short the don’t make any system classification