Personal Protective Equipment

Gloves, Mask, face shield, Helmet,

1. Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (IPT) – Chennai Presentation By- SUSHEEL KUMAR M.Sc. Applied Polymer Science Session 2019-2021 Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India Personal Protective Equipment

2. What is PPE Standards and specifications used in PPE Materials using for manufacturing the PPE products Manufacturing Process for each PPE Product Cost Analysis of the All PPE Medical Product Suitable Idea For Indigenous Production The market Strategy of PPE Kit Globally and I ndian Idea for uses of PPE kit During Covid-19 Pandemic CONTENTS

3. Gloves Goggles Shoe cover G own Mask Head cover Face Shield Personal Protective Equipment for Medical

4. PPE works as a barrier between an individual’s skin, mouth, nose, or eyes and viral and bacterial infections . PPE is precautionary step to protect yourself and the people around you . PPE is equipment worn to minimize exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace injuries, infections and illnesses.  What is PPE

5. Purpose of PPE Stop the spread of illness/infection Protect their health Protect their client’s health Protect their family’s health Protect their community’s health  

6. Products under in PPE Face shield and goggles - Contamination of mucous membranes of the eyes, nose and mouth is likely in a scenario of droplets generated by cough, sneeze of an infected person or during aerosol generating procedures carried out in a clinical setting. Inadvertently touching the eyes/nose/mouth with a contaminated hand is another likely scenario. Hence protection of the mucous membranes of the eyes/nose/mouth by using face shields/ goggles is an integral part of standard and contact precautions. The flexible frame of goggles should provide good seal with the skin of the face, covering the eyes and the surrounding areas and even accommodating for prescription glasses.   Masks - Respiratory viruses that includes Coronaviruses target mainly the upper and lower respiratory tracts. Hence protecting the airway from the particulate matter generated by droplets / aerosols prevents human infection. Contamination of mucous membranes of the mouth and nose by infective droplets or through a contaminated hand also allows the virus to enter the host .

7. Hence the droplet precautions/airborne precautions using masks are crucial while dealing with a suspect or confirmed case of COVID-19/performing aerosol generating procedures. Masks are of different types. The type of mask to be used is related to particular risk profile of the category of personnel and his/her work. There are two types of masks which are recommended for various categories of personnel working in hospital or community settings, depending upon the work environment: Triple layer medical mask N-95 Respirator mask Triple layer medical mask - A triple layer medical mask is a disposable mask, fluid-resistant, provide protection to the wearer from droplets of infectious material emitted during coughing/sneezing/talking. N-95 Respirator mask - An N-95 respirator mask is a respiratory protective device with high filtration efficiency to airborne particles. To provide the requisite air seal to the wearer, such masks are designed to achieve a very close facial fit. Such mask should have high fluid resistance, good breathability , clearly identifiable internal and external faces,

8. Gloves - When a person touches an object/surface contaminated by infected person, and then touches his own eyes, nose, or mouth, he may get exposed to the virus. Although this is not thought to be a predominant mode of transmission, care should be exercised while handling objects/surface potentially contaminated by suspect/confirmed infected person. Nitrile gloves are preferred over latex gloves because they resist chemicals, including certain disinfectants such as chlorine However, if nitrile gloves are not available, latex gloves can be used. Non-powdered gloves are preferred to powdered gloves Coverall/Gowns- Coverall/gowns are designed to protect torso of healthcare providers from exposure to virus. Although coveralls typically provide 360-degree protection because they are designed to cover the whole body, including back and lower legs and sometimes head and feet as well, the design of medical/isolation gowns do not provide continuous whole-body protection

9. Shoe covers- Shoe covers should be made up of impermeable fabric to be used over shoes to facilitate personal protection personal protection and decontamination. Head covers- Coveralls usually cover the head. Those using gowns, should use a head cover that covers the head and neck while providing clinical care for patients. Hair and hair extensions should fit inside the head cover.

10. Standards and specifications used in PPE Gloves - Nitrile Non-sterile Powder free Outer gloves preferably reach mid-forearm (minimum 280 mm total length) Different sizes (6.5 & 7) Quality compliant with the below standards, or equivalent: EU standard directive 93/42/EEC Class I, EN 455 EU standard directive 89/686/EEC Category Ill, EN 374 ANSI/SEA 105-2011 ASTM D6319-10

11. Coverall (medium and large ) and Shoe Cover - Impermeable to blood and body fluids Single use Avoid culturally unacceptable colors e.g. black Light colors are preferable to better detect possible contamination Thumb/finger loops to anchor sleeves in place Quality compliant with following standard Quality compliant with the below standards, or equivalent: Meets or exceeds ISO 16603 class 3 exposure pressure, or equivalent. standard available currently for isolation gowns is ANSI/AAMI: PB70 Note- Shoe cover should cover the entire shoe and reach above ankles

12. Goggles – With transparent glasses, zero power, well fitting, covered from all sides with elastic band/or adjustable holder. Good seal with the skin of the face Flexible frame to easily fit all face contours without too much pressure Covers the eyes and the surrounding areas and accommodates for prescription glasses Fog and scratch resistant Adjustable band to secure firmly so as not to become loose during clinical activity Indirect venting to reduce fogging May be re-usable (provided appropriate arrangements for decontamination are in place) or disposable Quality compliant with the below standards, or equivalent: EU standard directive 86/686/EEC, EN 166/2002 ANSI/SEA Z87.1-2010

13. N-95 Masks- Shape that will not collapse easily High filtration efficiency Good breathability, with expiratory valve Quality compliant with standards for medical N95 respirator NIOSH N95, EN 149 FFP2, or equivalent Fluid resistance: minimum 80 mmHg pressure based on ASTM F1862, ISO 22609 , or equivalent Quality compliant with standards for particulate respirator that can be worn with full face shield Triple Layer Medical Mask Three layered medical mask of non-woven material with nose piece, having filter efficiency of 99% for 3 micron particle size. ISI specifications or equivalent

14. Face Shield – Made of clear plastic and provides good visibility to both the wearer and the patient Adjustable band to attach firmly around the head and fit snuggly against the forehead Fog resistant (preferable) Completely covers the sides and length of the face May be re-usable (made of material which can be cleaned and disinfected) or disposable Quality compliant with the below standards, or equivalent EU standard directive 86/686/EEC, EN 166/2002 ANSI/SEA Z87.1-2010

15. Gloves Nitrile Non-sterile Powder free Outer gloves preferably reach mid-forearm (minimum 280mm total length) Different sizes (6.5 & 7) Quality compliant with the below standards, or equivalent EU standard directive 93/42/EEC Class I, EN 455 EU standard directive 89/686/EEC Category Ill, EN 374 ANSI/SEA 105-2011 ASTM D6319-10

16. Materials using for manufacturing the PPE products Gloves Medical gloves are made of different polymers including  latex nitrile rubber polyvinyl chloride  neoprene they come un powdered , or powdered with corn starch to lubricate the gloves, making them easier to put on the hands. There are two main types of medical gloves- E xamination gloves- Examination gloves are available as either sterile or non-sterile, Surgical gloves-. Surgical gloves have more precise sizing with a better precision and sensitivity and are made to a higher standard. surgical gloves are generally sterile .

17. Coverall (medium and large) and Shoe Cover- The basic raw materials typically used for disposable isolation gowns are various forms of synthetic fibers (example - polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene ) Reusable isolation gowns are typically made of 100% cotton , 100% polyester, or polyester/cotton blends . 3. Non woven Fabric - SMS  is a tri laminate non woven  fabric . It is made up of a top layer of spun bond polypropylene, a middle layer of melt blown polypropylene and a bottom layer of spun bond polypropylene . These shoe covers are made of Anti Bacterial Hydrophobic Spun bon Nonwoven Fabric.  

18. Goggles and face shield - The most popular lens material for safety eyewear goggles is polycarbonate . Polycarbonate lenses are also more impact-resistant than glass lenses and do not shatter 2. Face shield – polycarbonate and cellulose acetate These materials include polycarbonate , propionate, acetate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol ( PETG ) and steel or nylon mess. Mask- Surgical face masks are made with non-woven fabric. The material most commonly used to make them is polypropylene, either 20 or 25 grams per square meter ( gsm ) in density. PP spun bond non woven fabric PP melt-blown non woven fabric Masks can also be made of polystyrene, polycarbonate, polyethylene, or polyester .  

19. N95 Mask- A medical N95 respirator consists of multiple layers of nonwoven fabric, often made from polypropylene and melt blown material . N95 surgical respirator with a hydrophilic plastic coating on the outer layer (active ingredient: citric acid 2% wlw , a pH--lowering agent), and a second inner layer treated with metal ions (active ingredients: copper 1.6% w/w and zinc 1.6% w/w which form ionic bonds with negatively-charged. some disposable N95 masks come with an optional exhalation valve.The presence of an exhalation valve reduces exhalation resistance, which makes it easier to breathe.

20. Manufacturing Process for e ach PPE Product Gloves Manufacturing process- For the manufacture of natural rubber or even synthetic gloves, there are basically two styles of machines. These are the B atch style . C ontinuous chain or drag line machines . The process starts with hand-shaped ceramic or aluminum molds on a conveyor, which are dipped in wash tanks with hot water and chlorine or bleach and then dried. This dipping gets rid of any potential residue from the previous batch of gloves. Once the molds are cleaned, they must be coated to make the rubber stick. To accomplish this the molds are dipped into a mixture of calcium nitrate solution (which will coagulate the rubber) and calcium carbonate (which is a lubricant to keep the gloves from sticking to the mold too much).

21. A second drying occurs, and then the glove forms dip into tanks of either latex, nitrile, or polyvinyl chloride. This is when the processes begin to differ since the materials must be processed differently . Latex gloves - have their thickness determined by how long they remain in the tank. Once the forms are out, they spin to remove excess rubber and then are washed in hot water and chlorine again. This process removes excess latex and chemicals to lower the severity of any allergic reactions. The forms are then dried and cured using vulcanization, which interlinks the rubber molecules to make the gloves stronger. After a second rinse to remove any more excess latex, the gloves go through a series of brushes that roll (also known as beading) their ends into cuffs. They are then removed using air jets. Once they’re off the molds, the gloves can be tested and shipped. Nitrile or vinyl gloves- are also dipped in a tank filled with liquid rubber and baked to form and dry them. Gloves then may undergo chlorination or polymer coating to make them easier to put on and take off. Chlorination, in which they are exposed to chlorine, makes them harder and more slippery. They can also be polymer-coated, which lubricates them. Once any coatings are added, gloves are stripped from the molds, commonly by human workers, since synthetic rubber is stickier than latex. The gloves then can be tested.

22. Batch Dipping Process Examination gloves Description of all items in the machine Frame of the machine The frame consists of one part (box girder). It is consisting of a solid construction. The frame has two lifts and two levels. The frame is placed on a steel foundation in the factory, made by the factory according to our drawings (electro, water, air on the right place). 1. Frame for formers Approximately 42 pieces are placed in the machine. All 42 can slide in the machine and adjusted exactly above all items. All frames can turn 179°. 48 formers in the frame to be pushed out by unit (for beading, stripping, cleaning, printing , 2. Acid/rinsing One part, stainless steel tank. Dipping in acid and rinsing electrically/hydraulically. Exhaust by ventilators by chimney (roof). Rinse tank overflow. 3. Filling station Empty place in the machine that can be reached easily. Rail can be pushed in by hand.

23. 4. Washing/cleaning This item is doing all at once. brushing cleaning spraying drying All with temperature control . Made as much from stainless steel as possible , The rails are pushed out. 5 . Drying If necessary by thermic oil/electrically by ventilators. Insulated ovens and circulating air. 6. Coagulant dipping Stainless steel tank. Stirrers . Stainless steel tank , Stirrers . Or overflow by pumps. Dipping automatically adjustable in four steps. Waiting time at the bottom, adjustable. Temperature adjustment by means of electricity/thermic oil 60-80°C. Connection for day tank. Temperature control by mechanic temperature control adjustable eventually by PC. Finger tips up possible directly after dipping or one station further.

24. 7 . Drying- 8. Nitrile dip Stainless steel tank, double walled for cooling if necessary. Stirrers or pump overflow. Sieve. Dipping speed exactly adjustable. Connection to day tank. Revolving directly after leaving nitrile tank or one station further. 10 . Beading Rails with formers can be pushed out. Rotating brushes make the beading. 11. Leaching One big stainless steel tank, adjustable in height. Overflow. Connection for fresh water, water temperature by thermic oil or electric. Mechanical and electronical temperature indicator. Frames are pushed through. Lift directly from leaching tank directly up. 12. Printing Subject not known to us. We have calculated DM 30.000-40.000. Can be pushed out. Printing per former . 13.Ring oven Situated on the second level. Divided in four parts for temperature raise. Insulated. Temperature controlled by PLC on request. Frames can be pushed through by air/hydraulically. Circulating air (chimney). If necessary humidity control system. Water secretion .

25. 14. Leaching If necessary again, see leaching under 12. One dip. 15. Powdering/ detack tank See Coagulation tank. 16. Drying Oven 17. Stripping Fully automatic. Coverall (Gowns) Making Process - Raw materials like non woven fabric, rib cloth, Velcro are checked for their quality. After checking, fabric is kept in layers on cutting table and cutting patterns are marked by chalk. Cutting of different panels is carried out by cutting machine. Cuffs made of rib cloth are attached at sleeves in order to provide elasticity at cuff portion of operation and nurses gown. Whole garment is made by skilled tailors. Finally, Velcro are attached at requisite places. Individual pieces of garments and made ups are checked for its exact measurement, trimmed, ironed and packed as single pieces of gowns. Batch Machine Process

26. Sizing Analysis - The design of disposable gowns allow them to accommodate several body types and sizes but they are generally to big additionally medical institutions tend to order L-2XL sizes for the whole staff reusable gowns have a fit that more true to size with easier to adjust necking and closer fit in the torso. Measurement were taken at : Front panel Back panel Sleeves Cuffs Tying closers circumferences Automatic medical gown making machine

27. Goggles Manufacturing process- - Goggles and safety glasses are typically created using an injection molding process that injects a polymer material into a metal mold that has been fabricated to reproduce the desired shape of the lenses and frames.  Basic Process Steps Mold creation – a metal mold is created that will form the shape of the lens and frame for the goggles or glasses. A single mold may be used for both components, or in some cases, a separate molding process is used for the frame and the lenses. The mold for the lens contains a highly mirrored surface, designed to produce a lens of high optical clarity. Injection molding – a polymer material known as polycarbonate is typically used for the creation of the goggles or glasses. Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic polymer that exhibits good optical clarity and has twice the impact strength of most other similar plastic materials, making it an obvious choice for safety eyewear. Polycarbonate pellets are fed into an injection molding machine that heats the material to a temperature of >260 o C, where it is liquid and injected into the mold under pressure for a period of 30-60 seconds. After injection, the material cools rapidly and is then removed from the mold. Depending on the mold design, multiple sets of goggles or glasses may be fabricated with a single injection of materials. Once removed from the mold, the individual goggles are inspected before proceeding to the next step to catch any defective units before they are passed down through the process.

28. Surface treatment- Completed goggles or glasses are mounted on a support structure and moved to a cleansing bath to remove any impurities that might be on the product. A rinse in clear water is performed and then the goggles or glasses are placed in a chemical bath that applies a coating to the surface which is designed to prevent scratching and  fogging/misting  of the lens. After the coating has been applied, the goggles or glasses are then placed in a curing oven at a temperature of 120 o C for a period of at least 30 minutes or longer depending on the coating applied Inspection and final production- F ollowing the surface treatment, the goggles or glasses are inspected for any imperfections or distortions in the lenses. A final set of production steps involve milling away of a remaining piece of polycarbonate material that was left on the product to provide a way for inspectors and production personnel to handle the product without the need to touch the lenses.  Packaging ­- completed glasses and goggles are taken from the assembly steps to a packaging line, where they are placed into their final packaging, then boxed and readied for storage or shipment.

29. Mask Manufacturing process - Common medical masks are commonly composed of three layers of non-woven fabric. The inner layer is a common non-woven fabric, which is mainly used to absorb the moisture and moisture released by the wearer; the outer layer is a waterproof non-woven fabric, which is mainly used to isolate the liquid sprayed by the patient; the filter layer in the middle is used for the polypropylene melt-blown non-woven fabric treated with electret serves as a barrier against germs Three layered filtration The formal production process of medical masks Hang the non-woven raw materials on the mask sheeter rack, and the machine will produce it automatically after debugging. The mask sheet will come out, and then the mask sheet will be transferred to the ear band machine for spot belting. After production, it is sterilized by ethylene oxide and left for 7 days to volatilize.

30. Process follow as following stage: 1. Combine three layers of non-woven fabric Three different non-woven fabrics were placed on the fixed support on the production line and neatly stacked together by the laminator above. There is a trumpet-shaped feeding port here, and a string of wires is continuously passed through the trumpet to the laminating machine. Three layers combine 2. Stitch the metal wire fixed by the nose clip into the laminated three-layer non-woven fabric From the suggestions for wearing masks correctly, we can know that the nose clip must be pinched to the bridge of the nose when wearing, so that wearing the mask will be firm. Otherwise, without this structure, my nose leak is more serious, the seal is not tight, and the protection effect is affected … From the figure below, we can see that the wire is matched and conveyed along one side of the non-woven fabric, then the next edge is rolled, and the back is stitched, and the wire is stitched in. Metal wire fixing

31. 3. Folding mask Adult masks have uniform size specifications. How does it ensure that different people have the right size requirements to ensure that the nose, mouth and chin are wrapped to the greatest extent. On the mask production line, there is a folding device to achieve this purpose. Next, in order to create a crease and better processing in subsequent processes, it needs to be flattened by a roller machine. Folding mask Folding Device Create a Crease

32. 4. Cut to a single mask unit. 5 . Strengthen the edges of the mask This step requires additional non-woven fabric to press-fit the edges of the mask . At this stage, the extra non-woven fabric connects the single mask bodies that were cut in the previous stage, so we need to separate them again. 6. Fix the hanging ear rope to the four corners of the mask with the thermoforming device - it is necessary to use adhesives at the four corners of the mask. During the pressing process, it is mechanically transported. Hang the ear rope, and fix the ear rope to the mask with an adhesive under the heat pressing device . 7. Disinfection During the entire production process of the mask, not only the processing contact of the machine, but also the contact of many artificial links, the mask will inevitably be contaminated by bacteria . Oxygen ethane (EO) sterilizer is disinfected.  Cut single mask Fix the rope

33. Face Shield Manufacturing process- Three methods are used to manufacture face shields: Extrusion Molding Injection Molding 3D Printing Face shields cut from extrusion sheets provide better  impact resistance  than injection molded face shields because extrusion sheets are made of high molecular weight  plastic pellets while injection molding must use lower molecular weight plastic pellets , which provide better  melt flowing property needed by injection molding. For example, even face shields 0.8 mm thick made of extrusion polycarbonate sheets can withstand the impact of a 6 mm nominal diameter steel ball traveling at the speed 120 m/s (European standard, protection against high-speed particles – medium energy impact), while injection molding face shields must have at least 1.5 mm thickness to withstand the same impact. But injection molding can provide more complicated shape than extrusion.

34. 3D Printed Version face shield- Ease of cleaning and reuse Easy to assemble Comfort But it takes a bit longer to print, and uses more material. That’s a good tradeoff, in our view, if it’s better liked by clinicians in the field, and, importantly, is easy to clean and reuse as well . We will use higher-grade transparent plastic on these as well . Double sided tape (though in a pinch, duct tape can work ). Foam (optional; hard to remove for cleaning, so you may choose not to add it) Transparent shield Rubber band (or elastic if you have it, but we’ve run out at this point ) Assembly of this design We’ll start by putting a little piece of foam in the middle of the 3D-printed visor. tape the front end. We’re using half-inch wide 3M mounting tape . Now we attach the transparent shield. Peel off the external side of the mounting tape, and then put the shield on the front . Now it’s time to attach the elastic band or rubber band for keeping the mask on. 

35. Non-3D Printed Version F ace shield- Weather seal air conditioner foam This foam comes in a variety of sizes, and a 1 inch by 1 inch product works great. Double-sided adhesive tape Each face mask needs 15 inches of elastic. Transparency film, or a clear flexible plastic. Stapler Step One Step Two Step Three Step four Step five Final face shield

36. Cost Analysis of the All PPE Medical Product There are about 200 latex gloves manufacturers in India in small and medium scale sectors . The demand for surgical gloves is influenced by several related factors. As the surgical gloves are consumed by surgeons during surgeries, the demand is influenced by the following factors: - Prevalence of diseases requiring surgery Development in health care, hospital facilities and operation theatres. Medical education and growth of surgeons in society. Few I ndian major role of manufacturing gloves. Asian Latex Ltd. Casil Health Products Ltd. Casil Health Products Ltd. Casil Industries Ltd. J K Ansell Ltd. Mega Meditex Ltd . Shiva Medicare Ltd. Gloves Price in India

37. Gloves KOREA REPUBLIC OF Chennai Sea 450 0.010 Nose 23.0 Nitrile GLOVES CHINA Bombay Sea 767 0.0379 DOZ 49.0 HAND GLOVES CHINA Bombay Sea 100 0.0014 PCS 13.0 DISPOSABLE GLOVES CHINA Tughlakabad 384 0.0073 PCS 19.0 Product Description Origin Port Destination Port Quantity Value (INR in Million) Unit Per Unit (INR) Imported Product Price in India

38. Surgical Gown ₹ 350/Piece Disposable Isolation Gown ₹ 125/Piece Disposable Reinforced Surgical Gown ₹ 64/Piece Non Woven Disposable Gowns ₹ 50/Piece Product Description Origin Port Destination Port Quantity Value (INR in Million) Unit Per Unit (INR) SENTINEX SMART SURGICAL GOWN CHINA Chennai Sea 12096 0.010 Nose 23.0 SURGICAL GOWNS USA Bangalore ICD 500 0.022 NOS 43.0 MICROCOOL SURGICAL GOWN USA Nhava Sheva Sea 3000 0.4192 NOS 139.0 Imported Product Price in India Gowns-

39. Medical Goggles and Face S hield Plastic Goggles ₹ 35/Piece Polycarbonate Goggles ₹ 390/Piece Medical Protective Goggles ₹ 145/Piece Plastic HDPE Face Shield ₹ 450/Piece Chemical Splash Goggles ₹ 750/Piece Protective Disposable Face Shield ₹ 50/Piece Disposable Face Shield ₹ 45/Piece Price in India

40. SAFETY GOGGLES) ULTRASONIC CLEAR SV GERMANY Nhava Sheva Sea 2600 0.8189 PCS 314.0 Medical Protective Goggles MALAYSIA Nhava Sheva Sea 2040 0.2741 PCS 134.0 FACE Shield China Port Louis 2550 0.003 PCS 60.0 Disposable Face Shield Sydney Nhava Sheva Sea 1800 0.0816 PCS 45.0 Product Description Origin Port Destination Port Quantity Value (INR in Million) Unit Per Unit INR Imported Product Price in India

41. Suitable Idea For Indigenous Production 1. IIT Delhi, AIIMS, World University of Design Haryana and Chennai - based textile mills have jointly developed the kit They developed indigenous personal protection equipment kits for healthcare workers in the fight against coronavirus infection. The key feature of this design is the easy of doffing, where the garment can be taken off by the person without touching the infected outer surface. The prototypes for these kits have been created following the required protocol Features of this Kit - a team of researchers from WUD has designed the PPE sets keeping in mind the ease of donning and doffing the PPE without help.

42. These sets are designed to make them fit Indian body shapes and sizes. They help avoid loose, hanging parts which may come in contact with infected surfaces and get contaminated . Loyal Textile Mills will start production by suit sealing machine in the factory . There are no unnecessary openings which may aid the contagion to pass through the PPE, thereby infecting the person in question. Even micro-openings created while stitching the garment, which may provide a pathway for the virus to enter, are sealed off along with the seams. 2. Jails In Uttar Pradesh To Make PPE Kits For Corona Warriors PPE kit which includes a face mask, latex gloves, shoe covers, arm covers, body cover and a cotton cap has been developed by IIT-Kanpur researchers. The process has reportedly started in Mathura jail . Cost is being regarded as one of the benefits of such indigenous improvised kits. The kit will cost between Rs . 150 and 200 per piece which is comparatively cheaper than the other PPE kits available in the market that cost around Rs . 850 .

43. They have followed the norms prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO) while preparing the kits which is sealing the plastic kit without stitching and hence is an effort towards ensuring primary protection for the Health workers and prison staff. 3 . Kerala begins indigenous production of PPE At a time when shortage of medical equipment and personal protective equipment (PPE) are being reported across the globe, in Kerala several companies in the state have started indigenous production of the necessary materials.   Kochi-based KITEX Garments (an infant garment brand) has developed a PPE kit as per the mandate of the Centre. Per day they can produce up to 20,000 PPE kits . Another company, Kochi-based Aerofil Filters India , which supplies air filters, has developed N95 masks in collaboration with the Maker Village - a joint venture of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology and the state government. They can start the production of masks after getting the permission from the Centre’s ( Defense Research Development Organization ) laboratory in Gwalior.

44. The market Strategy of PPE Kit India continues to see a shortfall in the availability of personal protection equipment (PPE) for healthcare even as the government significantly ramps up domestic production and some kits from China failed quality tests. Many kits made in China, the world’s main supplier, that were donated to the Indian government, were found unusable because they failed safety checks, a person aware of the matter told ET. Of 170,000 PPE kits that arrived in India on April 5 , about 50000 failed in quality test. We have to change our market strategy for requirement of PPE kit current situation due to Covid-19 Pandemic. India needs over a lakh PPE (Personal Protective Equipment ) per day. The country placed orders for 15 million PPE kits including rapid testing kits from China. 50,000 kits failed during first quality testing. The in house production of PPE kit also gone up 30,000 per day.

45. Technavio’s market research report identifies that the robust growth of the healthcare industry will be one of the primary growth drivers for the growth of the  Personal Protective Equipment  market in India till 2021. Technavio’s market research analysts predict that this market will grow at a CAGR of more than 13% by 2021. The Indian healthcare industry is witnessing a rising prevalence of contagious diseases and viruses such as Corona , Zika virus and H1N1. This compels them to take protective measures to ensure cleanliness and safe treatment. As a result, the healthcare industry in India is extensively spending on personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gowns, gloves, and masks for doctors and patients. Furthermore, the industry is also experiencing a growth in the demand for PPE products such as protective clothing for hand and arm and respiratory protection . Key vendors in this market are - 3M India Honeywell Karam Industries Mallcom India MSA Safety

46. The kits were tested at the Defense Research & Development Organization (DRDO) laboratory in Gwalior . Synergy between PPE market and current ecosystem (Customer, Channels and Brand Image) Develop an understanding of market from: Demand (Customer) Side Supplier (Manufacturer/Importer) Side Product Side Channels Side

47. Executive Summary Indian PPE market is pegged at around INR 7800 Million with an expected CAGR of ~19% By Revenue 60% of Indian PPE market is controlled by Organized players Organized Market is consolidated with presence of 10-12 Major players, unorganized market is highly fragmented. PPE market is Price sensitive but big customers are ready to pay a premium on brand and quality. Direct supplier channel are the key form of PPE distribution for large and organized players. There is a definite space for new entrants in market, but 'me-too' products will have limited appeal. To analyze opportunities in the market for the stakeholders by identifying high growth segments of the market. To identify significant market trends and factors driving or inhibiting the growth of the market and its submarkets. To analyze competitive developments, such as expansions, joint ventures, new products launches, expansions, and mergers & acquisitions in the global personal protective equipment market. To strategically profile the key market players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies..

48. Market has been estimated from Demand and Supply Side

49. There are four categories of PPE players in Indian market Positioning of supplier base in I ndian market Tier3 Products ACME,SHREE ARC, Metro and most of the Tier 3Players. Price is the only criteria. This market also have lot of Chinese import product

50. Globally The global personal protective equipment market was valued at USD 42.67 billion in 2017, and is projected to reach USD 58.34 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 6.5% from 2017 to 2022. Stringent regulatory framework and increasing awareness about the importance of work safety are expected to drive the personal protective equipment market during the forecast period . Based on region, the market is segmented into Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, Middle East & Africa, and South America. Currently, North America is the largest market for personal protective equipment. Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing market from 2017 to 2022. This growth is attributed to the rapidly growing manufacturing and transportation industries in the region. The global personal protective equipment market was valued at 53.23 billion in 2016 and is projected to reach 78.23 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of 6.5%. Adoption of a stringent regulatory framework regarding the safety of workers is driving the personal protective equipment market.

51. Future Production of PPE Kit One of the key trends that will gain traction in the personal protective equipment market in India is the introduction of smart solutions in PPE. Manufacturers are introducing smart and technology-oriented PPE and app-based services with sensors, Bluetooth, and wireless technology for workers. This will help users track workers, send equipment replacement alerts, quick response simulation, monitor the task executed by workers, and provide a timely backup of data. more licenses are issued to local manufacturers; adherence to quality standards specified in the PPE guidelines is maintained; price of raw material used for manufacturing PPEs is standardized; supply chain and distribution channels for PPE production are streamlined; issues like hurdles in transport and shortage of staff are addressed on priority . Once the country eases into production of PPEs and meets the requisite demand, the menace of counterfeit/ sub-standard equipment sold in the black market at hiked prices, would resolve itself to quite an extent.

52. Idea for uses of PPE kit During Covid-19 Pandemic Workers Activity Risk Recommended PPE Remarks ASHAs/ Anganwadi and other field staff Field Surveillance Low Risk Triple layer mask Gloves Maintain distance of one meter. Surveillance team to carry adequate triple layer masks to distribute to suspect cases detected on field surveillance Doctors at supervisory level conducting field investigation Field surveillance Clinical examination. Medium risk N 95 mask Gloves. Laboratory sample collection and transportation sample testing High risk High risk Full complement of PPE Full complement of PPE Sanitation workers Cleaning frequently touched surfaces/ Floor/ cleaning linen in COVID treatment areas Moderate risk N-95 mask Gloves

53. Thank You !