Personality , Intelligence and Social Psychology

Personality , Intelligence and Social Psychology, Rama Medical College and Research Centre, Hapur

1. Dr. Anil Kumar MBBS, MD Department of Community Medicine Personality , Intelligence and Social Psychology

2. PERSONALITY The term "personality" is a key word in psychology . It implies individual's behaviour or adjustments to his surroundings . The terms personality and human behaviour are inter-related. It is important to bear in mind that the personality of the doctor affects very much the well-being of the patient.

3. Components of personality PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE BEHAVIOUR

4. PHYSICAL Features of an individual namely height, weight, colour , facial expression,physical health, etc. To the layman, a good personality means an impressive, symmetrical and healthy body. Components of personality cont.

5. EMOTIONAL A person's emotions also go into the make-up of his/ her personality. Emotions are the feelings we have - fear , anger , love , jealousy etc. Components of personality cont.

6. INTELLIGENCE Personality also implies intellectual ability. An intelligent person will have a forceful personality . A person with sub-normal intelligence is described as a " dull "' person. Components of personality cont.

7. BEHAVIOUR Behaviour is a reflection of one's personality. Behaviour is described in such terms as gentle , kind , affectionate , balanced , submissive and aggressive . When we assess human personality , all these components must be taken into consideration. Components of personality cont.

8. Development of personality INFANCY : The first one year of life is called infancy . There is rapid physical and mental growth . The infant is totally dependent on the mother . By the end of first year , the infant is able to stand up for a short while and tries to walk with a little support . He enjoys simple tricks and games .

9. PRE-SCHOOL CHILD This stage is marked by considerable growth of brain . The child feeds himself , speaks , loves his home , fears dark , loves stories and wants to assume responsibility . He begins to mix with other small children . Development of personality Cont.

10. SCHOOL-AGE The school-age period ranges from 5 to 15 years . The school going child is active all the time . By the age of 8 , the mental powers are fully developed . The brain of the child at the age of 8 years is almost of the same size as an adult . The child begins to reason. There is a gradual detachment from the family , and greater attachment to his playmates and friends. He begins to form group. Development of personality Cont.

11. ADOLESCENCE Adolescence or "teenage" is a turbulen period in one's life. This is a period of rosy dreams adventure , love and romance . The teenager strives for independence. He dislikes parental authority . He becomes fully aware of social values and norms . There is rapid physical growth. Development of personality Cont.

12. ADULTS The person is mature and more balanced . The physical and mental characteristics are fully developed. It is difficult to draw a line when adolescence ceases, and adulthood begins. Development of personality Cont.

13. OLD AGE It is difficult to say when old age begins . It is a gradual process marked by decline in physical powers and acuity of sense organs. Old age is marked by certain psychological changes such as impaired memory , rigidity of outlook , irritability , bitterness , inner withdrawal and social maladjustment. Development of personality Cont.

14. Human’s character may be good at one time and bad at another time . though his personality remains the same . There is no acceptable definition of character .

15. THINKING Man is called a thinking animal . It is an active mental process . Imaginative thinking is a mental process, it involves thinking in the absence of original sensor-stimuli . The highest form of thinking is said to be creative thinking. e.g.. An artist painting a picture. Creative thinking is said to be responsible for new inventions, new views of life and new discoveries.

16. INTELLIGENCE Intelligence is an important aspect of personality . It has not been satisfactorily defined as yet. Psychologists believe that intelligence results from an interplay between hereditary an environmental factors .

17. As psychologists observed the differences between animals and human beings , and the differences between organisms of the same species , they were impressed by the fact that there are variations in the case and adequacy with which adjustments to new situations occur. INTELLIGENCE Cont.

18. Mental age The first tests of intelligence were devised by Binet and Simon (1896 ). They developed the concept of mental age . That is a child who could do the five-year tests but who could not go on to the six-year level , was credited with mental age of five years. INTELLIGENCE Cont.

19. The concept of mental age indicated the level of intelligence achieved , but it gave no indication of the brightness or dullness of the individual concerned. INTELLIGENCE Cont.

20. Intelligence Quotient This is an improvement over the concept of mental age. It is obtained by dividing the mental age by chronological age , and multiplying by 100 . Mental age IQ= ------------------ ------- x 100 Chronological age INTELLIGENCE Cont.

21. Levels of Intelligence IQ Range Idiot 0-24 Imbecile 25-49 Moron 50-69 Borderline 70-79 Low normal 80-89 Normal 90-109 Superior 110-119 Very superior 120-139 Near genius 140 and over INTELLIGENCE Cont.

22. For example , if a child is 10 years of age and his mental age level is that of 5 years , the IQ is 50 . INTELLIGENCE Cont.

23. ADULT INTELLIGENCE (1) space : the ability to perceive objects (understanding) (2) number : familiarity with elementary arithmetic. (3) verbal comprehension : the ability t o reason from verbal concepts . (4) facility of expression : the ability to employ the appropriate words. INTELLIGENCE Cont.

24. (5) memory : the ability to retain words and ideas. (6) induction : the a bility to discover principles . (7) deduction : the ability to use those principles to solve concrete problems. (8) flexibility and quickness of thought. ADULT INTELLIGENCE Cont.

25. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Social psychology is an important branch of psychology . It is defined as the science o f behaviour of the individual in society . That is, it studies the behaviour of the individual in group , crowd , mob , audience and other social situations . It also studies the attitudes of the individuals towards cultural and social values.

26. Group behavior Human are a social being . From birth till death, he is associated with people . He is born in particular culture which is made up of customs , laws , ideals , art , literature , crafts , science , Technology and institutions . All these act on the individual and influence his social behaviour . Group behaviour is also known as social behaviour . SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Cont.

27. Social interaction a) Inter-personal relationships : The individual learns many things from his parents , teachers and friends . This is known as person-to-person interaction. (b) Inter-group relationships : The individual is a member of a group , of a family and of a community. He has to follow the traditions of the group .. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Cont.

28. e.g . Attitude to prohibition , family planning , child marriage , etc. In any democratic society, people's attitudes are a matter of vital importance to the State. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY Cont.

29. References: Park K. Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine. 2019

30. Thank You