Personality.pdf Personality in Organizational Behavior (OB)

Personality in Organizational Behavior (OB)
Definition:
Personality in OB refers to the relatively stable set of psychological traits and behavioral patterns that influence how individuals think, feel, and act in organizational settings.

1. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 1
Personality

2. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 2
Personality
•WhatisPersonality?
Personalityisthesumtotalofwaysinwhich
anindividualreactsandinteractswithothers.It
istheuniqueandrelativelystablepatternof
behaviour,thoughts,andemotionsshownby
individuals.
•WhatarePersonalityTraits?
Personalitytraitsare enduring
characteristicsthatdescribeanindividual’s
behaviour(overtimeandacrosssituations).

3. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 3
Determinants of Personality
•HEREDITY
Theultimateexplanationofanindividual’s
personalityisthemolecularstructureofthe
genes,locatedinthechromosomes.
1.Behaviourandtemperamentofyoung
childrene.g.shyness,fear,distress
2.Twinsseparatedatbirth
3.Consistencyinjobsatisfactionovertimeand
acrosssituations

4. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 4
Determinants of Personality (contd.)
•ENVIRONMENT
1. Culture -Norms, attitudes, values
2. Learning –Conditioning, experience
•SITUATION
Anindividual’spersonality,although
generallystableandconsistent,doeschangein
differentsituations.Thedifferentdemandsof
differentsituationscallforthdifferentaspectsof
one’spersonality.

5. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 5
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
•Extraverted vs. Introverted (E or I)
Outgoing, sociable, assertive vs. quiet, shy
•Sensing vs. Intuitive (S or N)
Practical, detail-oriented, preference for routine and
order vs. unconscious processes
•Thinking vs. Feeling (T or F)
Use of reason and logic vs. relying on personal values
and emotions
•Judging vs. Perceiving (J or P)
Preference for order, structure and control vs. flexibility,
spontaneity

6. ISTJ
Planner
Inspector
ISFJ
Protector
Supporter
INFJ
Foreseer
Developer
INTJ
Conceptualizer
Director
ISTP
Analyzer
Operator
ISFP
Composer
Producer
INFP
Harmonizer
Clarifier
INTP
Designer
Theorizer
ESTP
Expeditor
Promoter
ESFP
Motivator
Presenter
ENFP
Discoverer
Advocate
ENTP
Explorer
Inventor
ESTJ
Implementer
Supervisor
ESFJ
Facilitator
Caretaker
ENFJ
Visionary
Mentor
ENTJ
Strategist
Mobilizer
Nickname for Each Type
6

7. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 7
The Big Five Model of Personality
•Extroversion
One’s comfort level with relationships
(sociable, gregarious, assertive versus reserved, timid,
quiet)
•Agreeableness
One’s propensity to defer to others
(good-natured, cooperative, trusting versus cold,
disagreeable, antagonistic)
•Conscientiousness
One’s reliability and responsibility
(responsible, dependable, persistent, organized versus
distracted, disorganized, unreliable)

8. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 8
The Big Five Model of Personality (contd.)
•Emotional stability
One’s ability to withstand stress
(calm, self-confident, secure versus nervous,
depressed, and insecure)
•Openness to experience
One’s range of interests and fascination with
novelty
(imaginative, sensitive, curious versus
conventional, finding comfort in the familiar)

9. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 9
Measuring Personality
•Self-report Surveys
Impression Management
Accuracy
•Observer-ratings Surveys
Accuracy
•Projective Measures
Assessment

10. Choose A or B for each item:
1.a. Becoming a success is a matter of hard work;
luck has little or nothing to do with it.
b. Getting a good job depends mainly on being in
the right place at the right time.
2.a. The average citizen can have an influence in
government decisions.
b. This world is run by the few people in power,
and there is not much the little guy can do about it.

11. 3.a. As far as world affairs are concerned, most of
us are the victims of forces we can neither
understand nor control.
b. By taking an active part in political and social
affairs, people can control world events.
4.a. With enough effort we can wipe out political
corruption.
b. It is difficult for people to have much control
over the things politicians do in office.

12. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 12
Scoring Key:
•The internal locus of control answers are:
1a, 2a, 3b, 4a
•The external locus of control answers are:
1b, 2b, 3a, 4b

13. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 13
Personality Attributes Influencing OB
•Locus of Control (LOC)
Aperson’sperceptionofthesourceofhisor
herfateistermedlocusofcontrol.
1.Internals–Individualswhobelievethatthey
controlwhathappenstothem.
2.Externals–Individualswhobelievethatwhat
happenstothemiscontrolledbyoutsideforces.
ImplicationsonPerformance&Satisfaction
(Absenteeism,alienation,motivation,turnover,
health)

14. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 14
Personality Attributes Influencing OB
•Machiavellianism
Thedegreetowhichanindividualispragmatic,
maintainsemotionaldistance,andbelievesthatends
canjustifymeans.
HighMachsmanipulateandbargainmoreandare
persuadedless.Theysucceedwhenthereismoreof
facetofaceinteraction,andfewrulesandregulations
tobeadheredto.
ImplicationsonWorkEthics
Jobsthatinvolvebargainingskillsoroffersubstantial
rewardsforwinning

15. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 15
Personality Attributes Influencing OB
•Narcissism
The tendency to be arrogant, have a grandiose sense
of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and
have a sense of entitlement. They tend to be selfish
and exploitative.
•Psychopathy
The tendency for a lack of concern for others and a lack
of guilt or remorse when their actions cause harm.
•Proactive Personality
People who identify opportunities, show initiative, take
action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs.
They create positive environments despite constraints.

16. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 16
Personality Attributes Influencing OB
•Self Esteem
Theindividual’sdegreeoflikingordislikingthemselves.
(highexpectationsforsuccess,risk-taking,choosing
unconventionaljobs,versusseekingapproval,pleasing
others,susceptibilitytoexternalinfluence)
•SelfMonitoring
Theindividual’sabilitytoadjusthisorherbehaviourto
external,situationalfactors.(adjusting,adaptable,
highlysensitive,versusbehaviouralconsistency)
•RiskTaking
Theindividual’swillingnesstotakechancesorrisks.
(howmuchtimeandinformationrequiredtoarriveata
decision)

17. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 17
Personality Attributes Influencing OB
•Type A
Aggressive
Impatient
Competitive
Always on the move
Thinking or doing two or more things at once
Achieving more and more in less and less time
Time urgency (no time for leisure)
•Type B

18. Risk-Taking

19. Personality Dr. M. Chaudhuri 19
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Happy Understanding!!!