Personalized medicine ppt

Importance of personaized medicine

1. What happens to these drugs in your body?????

2. Personalized MEDICINE PRESENTED BY, D.IRENE 16PGZ001 M.Sc.Zoology Lady Doak College Madurai

3. Introduction The concept of personalized medicine dates back many hundreds of years . Developments in chemistry, histochemistry and microscopy allowed scientists to begin to understand the underlying causes of disease. Sequencing of the human genome at the turn of the 21st century set in motion the transformation of personalized medicine from an idea to a practice

4. definition The term “personalized medicine” is often described as providing “ the right patient with the right drug at the right dose at the right time .” More broadly, “personalized medicine” may be thought of as the tailoring of medical treatment to the individual characteristics, needs and preferences of a patient during all stages of care, including prevention, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Other terms Precision medicine stratified medicine Targeted medicine pharmacogenomics

5. Need for personalized medicine Similar symptoms but different illness Medical interventions may work in some people but not in others 40% of drugs that are taken are not effective (Banerjee.,2011) Advances in genomics helps to treat a patient precisely and effectively To avoid any allergic and adverse effects.

6. Pharmacogenomics the study of variations of DNA and RNA characteristics as related to drug responsive is a critically important area of personalized medicine convergence of advances in pharmacology and genomics seeks to understand how differences in genes and their expression affect the body’s response to medications. uses genetic information (such as DNA sequence, gene expression, and copy number) for purposes of explaining interindividual differences in drug metabolism (pharmacokinetics) and physiological drug response (pharmacodynamics).

7. How does it work?? Depends on the identification of biomarkers. Study of the variation of DNA and RNA related to drug responses. Based on patients unique genetic profile. It is participatory, engaging patients in lifestyle choices and active health maintenance to compensate for genetic susceptibilities

8. The story of Herceptin -by Robert Weinberg in 1979 of “HER-2,” a gene involved in multiple cancer pathways. - Dennis Slamon worked to understand the link between HER2 and specific types of cancer. -observed that changes in the HER2 gene caused breast cancer cells to produce the normal HER2 protein but in higher amounts -occurred in approximately 20-25% of breast cancer cases -HER2 protein overexpression used both as marker of aggressive disease as well as a target for treatment. -it was the first molecularly targeted cancer therapy designed to “shut off ” the HER2 gene, making the cancerous cells grow more slowly and without damaging normal tissue

9. Case study https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPbiSwok4qs http://genomemag.com/what-is-personalized-medicine/#.WY7t7VGg_IU Stephanie Haney -Initially took Tarceva -tested for ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) positive -took Xalkori -got cured

10. Genetic tests CYP 450 genotyping test : -determine how quickly and effectively these agents are eliminated from the body. Thiopurine methyltransferase test: - breaks down a chemotherapy drug called thiopurine -to treat leukaemia's and autoimmune disorders. -genetic variations prevent from producing this enzyme. -As a result, thiopurine levels can build up in the body, leading to severe toxic reactions.

11. Advantages Reduce the burden of disease Focuses on prevention Diminishes the duration and severity of illness Reduces health care costs Increases benefits and reduces risks

12. disadvantages Incorrect diagnostic result Genetic variations are numerous and quantitative Not yet widely available People do not opt for personalized medicine

13. conclusion

14. references F. Randy Vogenberg ., Carol Isaacson Barash ., Michael Pursel ., Personalized Medicine Part 1: Evolution and Development into Theranostics ., Vol. 35 No. 10., (2010). Paving way for personalized medicine., FDA’s role in new era of medical product development,2013 ., pg 1-15,29 Moinak Banerjee., Is pharmacogenomics a reality? Challenges and oppurtunities for India., Indian J Hum Genet . 2011 May; 17( Suppl 1): S1–S3. doi :  10.4103/0971-6866.80350 http://genomag.com/what is personalized medicine/#wxi4vyh971u

15. Thank you