Perspectives and prospects of second green revolution in Indian Context

Perspectives and prospects of second green revolution in Indian Context

1. Perspectives and Prospects of Second Green Revolution in Indian Context BY VAISHANVI. Y 19PGA504

2. CONTENT Green Revolution in India Factors leading to Second Green Revolution Second Green Revolution in India Perspectives of Second Green Revolution Perspectives of Second Green Revolution in India Prospects of Second Green Revolution in India Conclusion References

3. Green Revolution in India Began in mid-1960s Indian agriculture was converted into an industrial system M.S. Swaminathan (India) Initiated by  Norman Borlaug (World) Resulted in increase in production ( especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh) Self-sufficiency in India (wheat and rice) Negative effect on the soil and the land (e.g., land degradation ).

4. Factors leading to Second Green Revolution

5. Second Green Revolution in India Feed and sustain the growing population on Earth It aims at sustainable agriculture Attempt should be made not only to increase the production but also to sustain the productivity within the limits of natural resources Emphasis should be on small and marginal farmers Bio technology revolution aims at improving genetic traits of crops, by making them drought , pest, weed and climate resistant Use of bio pesticides and bio fertilizers

6. Perspectives of Second Green Revolution Bill Gates made remarks during the World Food Prize that  proponents of a second green revolution Three quarters of the world's poorest people get their food and income by farming small plots of land...if we can make smallholder farming more productive and more profitable, we can have a massive impact on hunger and nutrition and poverty...the charge is clear—we have to develop crops that can grow in a drought; that can survive in a flood; that can resist pests and disease...we need higher yields on the same land in harsher weather.

7. Perspectives of Second Green Revolution in India Then Union Finance Minister of India,  Pranab Mukherjee : the possibility of setting up a committee of CMs of the eastern states for a second green revolution   - Assam , Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal - increase in rice production JD(U) member N K Singh s suggested setting up of a panel of chief ministers of eastern states " to give further impetus to achieving green revolution " in the region. 2011-2012

8. Prime Minister Modi called for a second Green Revolution to tackle sluggish long-term agricultural growth in India. New approach such as precision agriculture ,  t he correct type of fertiliser  and correct quantity , which should be an important consideration in any plan for a second Green Revolution in India and f armers will soon be able to access soil testing reports online . The then Agriculture Minister Radha Mohan Singh said, Women can propel India towards second green revolution provided they get opportunities and adequate facilities. 2015 2017 "To strengthen women's participation in agriculture and allied activities and to improve their access to land, loans and other facilities, the ministry has policy provisions like joint leasing for both domestic and agricultural land under National Policy for Farmers"

9. Prospects of Second Green Revolution in India Second green revolution should envisage integrated programmes taking care of all aspects of agriculture from soil characteristics, matching seeds, grains, conversion to food and its marketing after value addition.

10. Some of the strategy are Organic Farming in India Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) National Horticulture Mission National Bamboo Mission Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture National Food Security Mission Integrated Pest Management Integrated Scheme for Oilseed, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM) Technology Mission on Cotton

11. Organic Farming in India It is being followed from ancient time . Increases sustainable production in an ecofriendly pollution free environment . To promote organic farming a central scheme named ‘National Project on Organic Farming’ North eastern India has highest potential for organic farming Horticulture Mission for North East and Himalayan States’ under which financial assistance is provided for adopting organic farming and setting up of vermin compost unit.

12. Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) Scheme: 2014 Centrally Sponsored Scheme : fruits , vegetables, root & tuber crops, mushrooms, spices, flowers, aromatic plants , coconut, cashew, cocoa and bamboo. Government of India (GOI) contributes 85% (all the states except the states in North East and Himalayas) and 15% share by State Governments . North Eastern States and Himalayan States , GOI contribution is 100 % . National Horticulture and Bamboo mission are integrated under this mission. B oth comes under National Horticulture Board.

13. National Horticulture Mission Centrally sponsored scheme, 2005-06 O bjective: to provide holistic growth of horticulture sector in India and to enhance horticulture production All the States and Union Territories are covered under the Mission except the eight North Eastern States including Sikkim and the States of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttrakhand , (previously mentioned separate mission) Government of India will be 85% with 15% contribution by the State Government All crops except coconut and medicinal plants

14. National Bamboo Mission To promote holistic growth of bamboo sector by adopting area based, regionally differentiated strategy and to increase the area under bamboo cultivation and marketing . T o increase availability of quality planting material by supporting setting up of new nurseries and strengthening of existing ones. It addresses forward marketing of bamboo products , particularly of handicraft items . B iggest potential in north eastern India .

15. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna Introduced in 2007 as a new ‘ Additional Central Assistance scheme ’ to incentivize States to draw up plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agroclimatic conditions , natural resource issues and technology into account , and integrating livestock, poultry and fisheries more fully .

16. There are no. of sub schemes under RKVY, some of them are– Bringing Green Revolution to Eastern India National Saffron Mission: Initiated in 2010. Objective: to improve the overall production of saffron, enhancing quality of saffron, enhancement of research and extension capability and develop appropriate system for organized marketing for the growers. Nutri -cereals: To promote production of millets viz. Jowar , Bajra , Ragi etc. through better technologies and creating awareness about their health benefits. These crops are more nutrient and protein rich then rice and wheat, but less remunerative to farmers.

17. Accelerated Fodder Development Program: Targets fodder development through technologies. It is quite important for Animal Rearing sector as it is getting short of fodder. Promotion of oil palm National Mission for protein supplements: To promote animal based protein production through livestock development, dairy farming, piggery, goat rearing etc. Rainfed Area Development program: Improve quality of life of small and marginal farmers in rainfed areas. Crop diversification in Original green revolution states: States of Punjab, Haryana and UP - ‘ Intensive farming’ - causing depletion of soil nutrients To stop this,- diversify cultivation towards horticulture should be followed.

18. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture O ne of the eight Missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change Climate change by devising appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies for ensuring food security equitable access to food resources enhancing livelihood opportunities and Contributing to economic stability at the national level To transform Indian agriculture into a climate resilient production system in the domain of crops and animal husbandry .

19. Promotion of dryland agriculture would receive prime importance by way of developing suitable drought and pest resistant crop varieties . Expand its coverage to rainfed areas for integrating farming systems with management of livestock and fisheries

20. National Food Security Mission L aunched in 2007 : comprises of rice, wheat and pulses To increase the production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the Eleventh Plan. (Targets were duly achieved). The Mission is continued during 12th Five Year Plan with new targets of additional production of food grains of 25 million tons of food grains comprising of 10 million tons rice , 8 million tons of wheat, 4 million tons of pulses and 3 million tons of coarse cereals by the end of 12th Five Year Plan. Mission also aims at improving soil fertility and improving employment opportunities .

21. Integrated Pest Management Scheme is in place since 1985 . T erm IPM refers to – the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are economically justified and reduce or minimize risks to human health and the environment . Emphasizes the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms .

22. Integrated Scheme for Oilseed, Pulses, Oil Palm and Maize (ISOPOM) Subsidy is funded by Central and state government in 75:25 ratio . Four erstwhile schemes of Oilseeds Production Program, Oil palm Development Program , National Pulses Development Program and Accelerated Maize Development Program – have been merged into one Centrally Sponsored ‘Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds , Pulses, Oil palm and Maize’ (ISOPOM) being implemented from 1.4. 2004 . It aims to promote crop diversification and provides focused approach by giving financial assistance in purchase of various agriculture inputs such as seeds, agro chemicals, technology, expertise, infra etc.

23. Technology Mission on Cotton The Govt. of India launched Technology Mission on Cotton in February 2000 . The objective of TMC was as under: To improve the yield and quality of cotton To increase the income of the cotton growers by reducing the cost of cultivation as well as by increasing the yield per hectare through proper transfer of technology to the growers . To improve the quality of processing of cotton After this mission there has been constant increase in cotton production on back of high yield variety and GMO seeds.

24. Conclusion New agriculture policy of India aims at sustainable agriculture Almost every current policy can be covered under category of second green revolution . It aims at information technology revolution, bio technology revolution, R&D and tar geting of specific crops etc.

25. Reference Bajpai , V. 2015. India’s Second Green Revolution: Portends for Future and Possible Alternatives. Agrarian South: Journal of Political Economy. 4(3 ) 1–38 Bhatt, B.P. And J.S. Mishra. 2016. Prospects of bringing second green revolution in eastern India. 4th International Agronomy Congress (November 22–26): 22__36 (2016 ) Singh, B. 2015. For a second Green Revolution in India. Business Line, The Hindu insightsonindia.com/2014/12/01/agriculture-second-green-revolution-government-schemes-missions

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