Pert and gantt chart

admin seminar

1. SEMINAR ON PERT AND GANTT CHART PRESENTED BY- MR. YOGESH A. DENGALE

2. PERT was developed in the late 1950 in the US the Polaris submarine missile programme . It has the potential to reduce both the time & cost require to complete a project. PERT shows the time taken by each component of project & the total time required for its completion .PERT breaks down the project into events, activity & lays down their proper sequence relationship & duration in the form of network. PERT is a technique of representing project plan in network. This is represented in a graphic from known as network diagram . INTRODUCTION

3. The program (or project) evaluation and review technique, commonly abbreviated PERT, is a statistical tool, used in project management, which was designed to analyze and represent the tasks involved in completing a given project & to illustrate the flow of events in a project. DEFINITION

4. There are two types of network diagrams, Activity on arrow (AOA) – In the first variant the duration is denoted on arrow connecting diagram nodes. Such diagram type called AOA. Activity on node (AON)- in such diagram the information about the task duration is denoted in the diagram node & each task is represented in the form of rectangle with definite set of fields. TYPES

5. Prediction of deliverables Planning resource requirement Controlling resource allocation Internal programme review Performance evaluation Uniform wide acceptance Reduction in cost Saving time NEED OF PERT

6. Determination of activities Elimination of risk in complex activities Flexibility Evaluation of alternatives Useful effective control Useful decision making Useful research work

7. PERT planning involve the following steps: PROCESS

8. 1. Identity Activities & events : The activities are tasks require to complete the project. The events marking the beginning & end of one or more activities. It is helpful to list the tasks in a table that in later steps can be expanded to include on sequence is duration . 2.Determine the proper sequence of the activities : This steps may be combine with the activity identification steps since the activity sequence is event for some task . Other tasks may require more analysis to determine exact order in which they must be perform .

9. 3.Construct a network diagram : Using the activity sequence information , a network diagram can be drawn showing the sequence of the serial is & parallel activities .For the original activity –on-are model, the activities are depicted by arrowed lines & milestones are depicted by circles. 4.Estimate the time required for activity : A distinguishing feature of PERT is its ability to deal with uncertainty in activity completion times

10. For each activity , the model usually includes three time estimates;- Optimistic time: Generally the shortest time in which the activity can be completed . Most likely time : The completion time having the highest probability note that this time is different for the expected time. Pessimistic time : The longest time that an activity might require.

11. 5. Determine the critical path : The critical path is determine by adding the times for the activities in each sequence & determining the longest path in project. The critical path determines the total time require.

12. 6.Update the PERT chart as the project progresses : Make adjustment in the PERT chart as the project progresses. As the project unfolds ,the estimated times can be replaced with actual times. The PERT chart may be modified & improved to reflect the new situation.

13. Simple to understand and use. Show whether the project is on schedule; or behind /ahead of the schedule. Identify the activities that need closer attention Determine the flexibility available with activities Show potential risk with activities Provide good documentation of the project activities Help to set priorities among activities & resource allocation as per priority ADVANTAGES

14. Used in research and development projects For developing, tooling and introducing a new project To plan and execute the acquisition and installation of an electronic system Development and administration of various training programmes For management development and organizational planning APPLICATION

15. A major disadvantages of PERT has been its emphasis only on time, not on costs. The cost of setting up such system are extensive It is difficult to estimate accurate time & cost of various activities involved in a project Errors in estimation makes the PERT charts ,unreliable as a control aid . These systems will not help managers to solve all their problem. LIMITATION

16. Activity Events Prepare patient Patient prepare Give anaesthesia Anaesthesia given Prepare instrument-trolley Instrument trolley prepared Perform operation operation performed EXAMPLE TO PERFORM AN OPERATION FOR A PATIENT

17. 2 4 5 3 1 Prepare patient Anaesthesia given Operation performed PERT activity analysis lay instrument trolley

18. GANTT CHART

19. During the era of scientific management ,a Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed as a production control tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt, an American engineer & social scientist A Gantt chart provides a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan, coordinate & track specific tasks in a project. The horizontal axis of the Gantt chart is a time scale , expressed either in absolute time or in relative time referenced to the beginning of the project. The resolution depends on the project. INTRODUCTION

20. A chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows the amount of work done in certain periods of time in relation to the amount planned for those periods. DEFINITION

21. Avoid Completion Confusion Keep Everyone on the Same Page Understand Task Relationships Effectively Allocate Resources Get a Handle on the Future NEED

22. Avoid Completion Confusion : Gantt charts were created to keep users on track, providing a visual timeline for starting and finishing specific tasks. By providing a visual overview of milestones and other key dates. Keep Everyone on the Same Page : Where there is a visual framework for the work to be done, there are fewer chances for misunderstanding, especially when it comes to highly complex tasks Understand Task Relationships : These charts can make clear how various tasks are interrelated and perhaps rely on the completion of another to meet specific objectives. A Gantt charts makes it very easy to visualize related tasks

23. Effectively Allocate Resources : The more closely the chart is followed, the better chance there is of keeping project costs within budget while also better assuring on-time completion. Get a Handle on the Future : Gantt chart advantages include helping decision-makers look farther ahead to ensure each given project is working toward the achievement the organization’s long-term strategic objectives.

24. 1. Identify the Purpose 2. Define the Project Timeline 3. Break the Project Down into Manageable Pieces 4. Create Progress Bars 5. Define the Critical Path 6. Add Milestone Markers   PROCESS

25. 1. Identify the Purpose It is helpful to first decide whether this is a project or a process, because diagramming a process might work better with a flow chart. 2. Define the Project Timeline Decide how to divide the increments of time for the duration of the project. Each one should have a start date, end date,

26. 3. Break the Project Down into Manageable Pieces Divide the project into major components, then tasks and subtasks. Continue breaking them down until they are each straight forward tasks. They should be of short enough duration that timeframes can be accurately estimated. 4. Create Progress Bars The next step is to create a progress bar for each task. A progress bar is simply a horizontal bar that should be in line with the task name it represents and should begin beneath its start date and end beneath its end date.

27. 5. Define the Critical Path What is a critical path? It is a method of looking at all of the activities in the Gantt chart, considering the timing and dependent relationships of each, and calculating the longest path from start to completion of the project. 6. Add Milestone Markers Choose a symbol to represent milestones, that is, major events that either have a large part in the process or must be completed before progress can continue. Place them on the chart beneath the date or time when they occur.

28. MODEL GANTT CHART

29. It helps in planning and monitoring the work of project Time is explicitly expressed in the chart All tasks are visibly at a glance in relation to other Deadlines are depicted in the chart. ADVANTAGES

30. Gantt charts, because of their success, form the most easy to use and the most widely used scheduling tools. But these charts are also accompanied with some limitation In such charts, it is very necessary to keep on updating the charts, in order to keep it in current form. The charts is not able to directly reveal the costs of the alternate loadings. LIMITATION

31. These charts also do not consider the varying processing times among work centers. Other limitations include the inability to include certain constraints like time, scope, and costs.

32. Textbook of nursing service and education, nisha clement, page num- 366-380. Textbook of nursing administration, BT Basvanthappa , page num- 190 to 193. Textbook of management of nursing services and education, PV Publication, page num- 416 to 419. BIBLIOGRAPHY