Pest of grapevine.

Detailed description of pest of grapevine and their management

1. Pests Of Grapevine And Their Management

2. 1.Flea Beetle/ Udadya beetle S.N. - Scelodonta strigicollis Family - Chrysomelidae Order - Coleoptera

3. Economical importance It causes severe damage to buds and tender shoots The damage percentage – 11 to 31% Host plant Specific to grapevine

4. Mark of Identification Adult is a shiny flea beetle with a metallic bronze color and six black patches on the elytra Grub Small dirty white

5. Life history Eggs - Crevices of vine and under bark . Larva - 35 to 45 days . Pupa - Pupation in soil , P.P - 7 to 10 days. S.O . - Pest is very destructive to fresh flush after pruning . Adult beetles are hibernate under the bark from November - march (Over winter )

6. Flea Beetle/ Udadya beetle

7. Nature of damage The adult feed voraciously on sporting buds & tender shoots after pruning . Buds dry up and do not develop. Beetles also feed on mature leaves giving shot hole appearance . (rectangular cuttings) Grubs feed on root but do not cause severe damage .

8. Management Adult beetles may be collected and killed. Removal of loose bark in rainy season after pruning. Spray 0.05% Malathion Spray 0.03% Dimethoate

9. 2.Grapevine Thrips S.N. - Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus Family - Thripidae Order - Thysanoptera

10. Grapevine Thrips

11. Economical importance Important pest of grapevine causing scab formation in berries Host plant Polyphagous – Mango ,Pomegranate, Rose, Guava ,Jackfruit ,Cashew.

12. Mark of Identification Adult Minute with black wings having fringes Females dark brown males bright yellow. Nymph Raddish in color

13. Life history Both the sexual and parthenogenetic reproduction is occur. Eggs - in leaf tissues. Nymph - N.P. - 11-2 2 Days Pupa - in soil P.P. – 2-5 Days No of generation – 5-8 /year S.O. - Pest active in summer season

14. Nature Of Damage Both nymph & adult scrap the ventral surface of leaves, flower stalk ,berry and suck the oozing sap . Silvery patches on the affected leaves. Brown corky patches on fruits (scab )

15. Control Measures Removal of weeds in and around garden. Cutting of infested branches and burning. Spraying with D imethoate 2ml/l or Spraying with Methyl demeton 2.0 ml/l or Spraying with Thiamethoxam 0.25 g/l.

16. 3. Stem Girdler S.N. - Sthenias grisator Family - Cerambycidae Order - Coleoptera

17. Economical importance Minor pest but may assume serious status . Host plant Primary on grapevine but can also survive on mango mulberry citrus

18. Mark of identification Grub Head is dark brown color, pair of strong mandibles. Adult Medium sized, grey colored with a white spot in the center of each elytra.

19. Stem Girdler

20. Stem Girdler

21. Life history Eggs - under the bark of girdling point Larva - 7-8 months Pupa - inside the larval tunnel No .of generation – 1 / year S.O. - Active from A ug- Oct.

22. Nature Of Damage The adult beetle lays eggs in the girdled portion . After the hatching of the eggs the grub tunnel into the dry wood. Beetles feed on bark and girdle the vine resulting in to wilting of branches and then the entire vine .

23. Control measure Remove loose bark at the time of pruning Collect and destroy damaged plant part Hand collection and destruction of beetles Swab trunk with carbaryl 50 WP 2g/ lit Spray application of any following insecticides phosalone 35 EC 0.07% quinalphos 25 EC 0.05% carbaryl 50 WP 0.1%, first round immediately after pruning and repeat it 2-3 times.

24. 4.Mealy bug S.N. - Ferrisia virgata Family - Psedococcidae Order - Hemiptera

25. Mealy bug

26. Economical importance severe damage ,infest grape bunches. Host plant Okra , A mbadi ,mulberry , custard apple guava

27. Mark of identification Adult females are pinkish covered with mealy white waxy secretion . Eggs and crawler are orange in colour

28. Mealy bug

29. Life history Eggs - 300 -350 under the bark crack & crevices in cottony cushion ovisac Nymph - Female- 3 instar .Male 4 instar Pupa - Notice only in male S.O. - Active in F eb- M arch & J une Aug

30. Nature of damage . Both nymph and adult suck the cell sap from leaves ,shoot and bunches. Develop sooty mould on bunches Cause severe damage to bunches

31. Control Measures. Removal of loose bark . Apply paste of methyl parathion 2% dust on stem. Use of sticky bands . Release of Australian lady bird beetle 8-10 /tree Use dichlorvos 76 WSC 0.15% in combination with fish oil rosin soap (25g/lit ) Dimethoate 30 EC plus kerosene oil at 150 ml plus 250 ml in 100 ml of water