Pests of Grapevine_Integrated pest management_Dr.UPR.pdf

Grapevines are vulnerable to various pests that can significantly affect their health and yield. Here are some common pests associated with grapevines:

Grape Berry Moth (Paralobesia viteana): The larvae feed on the berries, causing direct damage and making the fruit susceptible to diseases.

Grape Leafhopper (Erythroneura spp.): These tiny insects feed on the undersides of leaves, leading to yellowing and reduced vigor. They can also transmit viruses.

Spider Mites (Tetranychus spp.): These pests suck sap from the leaves, leading to stippling and webbing. Heavy infestations can cause leaf drop.

Aphids: Various aphid species feed on vine sap and can transmit viral diseases. Their excretion of honeydew can lead to sooty mold.

Japanese Beetle (Popillia japonica): These beetles feed on leaves and can skeletonize them, leading to reduced photosynthesis.

Leafhoppers (e.g., Scaphoideus titanus): Besides damaging leaves, some species can transmit diseases like grapevine red blotch virus.

Phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae): This pest attacks roots and leaves, leading to stunted growth and poor fruit development.

1. Pests of grapevine
By
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD.
Assistant Professor (Entomology)
JSACAT
Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University

2. Grapevine stem girdler, Stheniasgrisator,
Cerambycidae, Coleoptera
1
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status: Widely distributed in grapevine growing areas of India and Sri Lanka.
Damagesymptoms
Grubboresintothebarkandtunnels
intothedrywoodresultinginwilting
ofbranchesandthentheentirevine.
Theycutthebarkinacircularringlike
fashion(girdling)whichleadstothe
dryingoftheregionabovethecut.

3. Grub pupates within the tunnel.
Medium-sized grey coloured
adult with a white spot at the
center of each elytron.
Single generation takes >1
year
Grub with dark brown head, prominent
mandibles and globular thorax with
chitinousspines on top
Oval eggs enveloped in a white
parchment like covering deposited in
clusters of 2-4, underneath loose bark
of girdled branches hatch in 8 days.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

4. Management
Pruneattackedbranchesbelowthegirdlingpointand
destroythebeetles.
Sprayvineswithmonocrotophos36SL1.0Lor
carbaryl50WP1.0kgin500-1000Lofwaterperha.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

5. Grape Vine Flea Beetle, Scelodontastrigicollis,
Eumolpidae, Coleoptera
2
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status: Found all over India.
Damage symptoms
Adult bite small holes on tender leaves while grubs damage roots
Adult is a shining beetle with a metallic bronze
colourand six-black spots on elytra.

6. Management
Remove loose bark after pruning.
Collect adult beetles and kill.
Spray carbaryl50 WP 1.0 kg or chlorpyriphos20 EC 1.0 L in 500 -1000 L
of water/ha after pulling out the loose bark.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

7. Grapevine thrips, Rhipiphorothripscruentatus,
Thripidae, Thysanoptera
3
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Damagesymptoms
Bothnymphsandadultslacerate
leavescausingsilverywhite
patchesonleaveswithblack
excreta.Severe infestation
resultsinyellowingand
withering.
Distribution and status: Grapevine growing area of India

8. Female lays 50 dirty white, bean-shaped eggs under the leaf surface by making small slits and
placing one egg in one slit. Egg period 3-8 days,young nymphs reddish to yellowish-brown and
nymphalperiod 9-20 days. Pupates on leaves, pupae mobile and crawl away when disturbed,
pupal period 2-5 days. Adult minute, blackish brown, with yellowish wings. Female reproduces
with/without fertilization; fertilized eggs produce females and unfertilized eggs produce males.
There are many generations in a year.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

9. Management
Removegrassesfromorchardandpruneinfestedleaves.
Rakethesoilperiodically.
Spraymalathion50EC1.0Lin500–1000Lofwaterper
haoncebeforefloweringandagainthefruitset.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

10. Grapevine mealy bug, Maconellicoccushirsutus,
Pseudococcidae, Hemiptera
4
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Damagesymptoms
Bothnymphsandadultssucksap
thatresultsincrinklingandyellowing
ofleavesandrottingofberries.
Distribution and status: All over India and other grapevine growing countries.

11. Female lays 350-500
orange colouredeggs
in a loose cottony
terminal ovisac; egg
period 5-10 days
Crawler nymphs orange coloured, females and
males with 3 and 4 nymphalinstars respectively
Adult females pinkish and sparsely covered with white wax. One generation per month, but,
life cycle extends in winter months.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

12. Management
Debarkthevinesandswabwithmethylparathion
@1ml/Ltominimizethepopulation
Spraydichlorvas1.0Lorchlorpyriphos1.25L
orbuprofezin25SC1.0-1.5Lormethomyl40SP
1.25kgwith500-1000Lwater/ha.
ReleaseAustralianladybirdbeetleCryptoleamus
montrouzieri@2500–3750perha
Conserve coccinellidScymnuscraccivoraand
lepidopteran predatorSpalgisepius
Cryptoleamusmontrouzieri
Scymnuscraccivora
Spalgisepius
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

13. Leaf Roller, Syleptalunalis, Pyraustidae, Lepidoptera
5
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Damage symptoms
Young caterpillars feed on the lower epidermis of the leaves and skeletonize them.
Grown up larvae roll leaf margins towards the mid rib with one caterpillar in each roll.
Distribution and status:Southern India and Punjab

14. Management
Remove the rolled up leaves and destroy them
Spray endosulfan35 EC 1.25 L or malathion 50 EC 1.25 L in 500 -1000L
of water/ha.
Bionomics
Adultsaredirtybrownwithwhitespotson
theforeandhindwings.Adultlays98-120
eggscreamywhiteovaleggs.Eggperiod2-
3days,tinydirtygreenlarvapupatesfor6-7
daysinsidetheleafrolls.
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)

15. Sphingid,Hippotioncelerio, Sphingidae, Lepidoptera6
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Adultisarobust,redbrowncolouredmoth

16. Leaf miner, Phyllocnististoparcha, Gracillariidae,
Lepidoptera
7
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status:India, Burma, Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, Japan, Indonesia, Korea
Leaves become mined and crinkled. Adult is a greyish brown moth.

17. Plume moth,Oxyptilusregulus, Pterophoridae,
Lepidoptera
8
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Plume moth lays eggs singly around fruit stalks, on peduncles and wherever grapes in a
bunch are contiguous. Larva enters grapes near fruit stalk and tunnels through pulp into
seeds. A single larva attacks many grapes

18. Fruit sucking moth, Eudocimamaterna, E. fullonica,
E. homoena, Noctuidae, Lepidoptera
9
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Distribution and status:India, Burma, Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, Japan, Indonesia, Korea
Symptom of damage
Adult moth sucks the sap from fruits by making puncture
Male FemaleEudocimamaterna
E. fullonica
E. homoena

19. Management
•Removalofweedplants
•Tinosporacardifolia
•Cocculuspendules
•Cocculushirsutus
•Destructionoffallenanddecayedfruits.
•Smoking
•Collectionofmothsateveningbyhandnets
•Collectionofsemiloopersfromtheweedsandcreepers
•Uselighttrap-Destructioninkerosenisedwaterbelowsuchlight
•Useofpoisonbaitsorcarbaryl2g/l
Dr. U. Pirithiraj, P.hD. (Entomology)
Eudocimamaternalarva