Peter I the Great

Reforms of Peter I the Great

1. Peter I the Great
Born: May 30 (June 9), 1672,
Moscow.
Died: January 28 (February 8), 1725,
St. Petersburg.
Alla Markova
LIS 232
Time Line
Crowned Tsar of Russia on April 27, 1682
(with half-brother Ivan).
Grand Embassy 1687-88
Ruled from 1689 to 1725
Crowned Emperor of Russia on October 22, 1721
Major achievements
Implemented sweeping reforms modernizing Russia
And changed economical, political, and cultural life:
Brought Western civilization to Russia and
Turned Russia into Empire
Obtained for Russia exits to the seas
Created government system
Founded many cities and ports
Founded regular army and navy
Modernized the alphabet and book printing
Created first centers for higher education,
public museums, newspapers,
the Academy of Sciences and its library

2. Peter’s reforms – from beard cutting to architecture
Before -
Annunciation
Cathedral in
Kremlin,
Moscow,
15
th
-16
th
cc.
After -
SS Peter and
Paul’s
Cathedral in
St.
Petersburg,
1712-1733
Beards and long
sleeves traditionally
used by nobility
were cut by force

3. Peter’s Way of Management
Pros
•Highly valued knowledge, education, and practical skills
•Did not pay attention to low and foreign birth, race, faith
•Was personally involved in practically all spheres of life
•Highly valued personal loyalty
Cons
• Was very harsh towards his enemies
• Created absolute monarchy
• Turned serfdom into slavery and introduced forced labor

4. Bibliography
•http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/peter_the_great.htm
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_I_of_Russia
•Hughes, Lindsey. Peter the Great: A Biography. New Haven,
Conn.: Yale University Press, 2002.
•Hughes, Lindsey. Russia in the Age of Peter the Great. New Haven,
Conn.:Yale University Press, 1998
•Markova, A. and O. Vinogradov. “Tsar Peter I the Great of
Russia and the Sephardic Jews”. In: Studies on the History of the
Portuguese Jews. NY: Sepher-Hermon Press, Inc., 2000