Phalanges (Completed).pptx

Phalanges Anatomy

1. Phalanges Upper limb

2. c haracteristics Long Bone Phalanges have: Base Shaft Head 14 Phalanges in each hand. Except thumb all 4 digits have Proximal, Middle, Distal Phalanx. Connected by Interphalangeal Joint. Vascularized by : Palmar Digital Arteries.

3. Proximal Phalanx Total 5, 1 in each Digits. Largest Phalanges, except for thumb which is shortest & stout. Base: Concave, oval shaped Articular Facet. Articulate with Metacarpal Head to form MCP Joint. Contains non-Articular Tubercle for attachment of Various Soft Tissue.

4. Body/ Shaft Tapers Distally Has 2 surfaces : Dorsal Surface Palmar Surface Dorsal Surface: Round & Smooth. Convex in Transverse Plane. Palmar Surface: Flat & Rough especially on the sides where Flexor Fibrous Sheath of digits attach. Flat in Transverse Plane. Concave in Sagittal Plane.

5. Head Expanded & Round distal part. Pully shaped articular Surfaces with base of Middle Phalanx to Form the Proximal Interphalangeal PIP Joint. Smooth groove on palmar side. Groove represent the attachment point of Collateral Interphalangeal Ligament of Hand.

6. Characteristics Various Ligament attach to Proximal Phalanges Digital Fascial Complex which attaches the surrounding Subcutaneous & Neurovascular to Bony Phalanges. Collateral & Palmar Metacarpophalangeal Ligament attach to the head supporting PIP Joint. Proximal Phalanges covered by the Extensor Expansion of Hand. Function: Flexion, Extension, Adduction & Abduction.

7. Insertion Posterior Forearm Muscle: Extensor Digitorum Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Indicis Metacarpal Muscle: Lumbricals Palmar Interossei Dorsal Interossei Thenar Muscle: Flexor Pollicis Brevis Adductor Pollicis Hypothenar Muscle: Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi

8. Middle Phalanges Middle Phalanges present in each Finger except Thumb. Consist of : Base Body Head Base of each Middle Phalanx have 2 concave shaped articular facet. Head of Middle Phalanx have Pully-like Shape. Articulate with base of Distal Phalanges to form Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP Joint). Middle Phalanges are reinforced by Collateral Interphalangeal Ligaments & Extensor Expansion of Hand.

9. Collateral Interphalangeal Ligament attach Base & Head of middle Phalanges to reinforce the PIP & DIP Joints Function: Flexion (at PIP Joint) Extension (at PIP Joint) Insertion: Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Muscle attach to side of Middle Phalanges, Flexing them at PIP Joints

10. Distal Phalanges 5 Distal Phalanges Shorter & Slightly Thicker Have : Base Body Head Base: Have Double Articular Facet, which articulate Middle Phalanx. Have Smooth, round Dorsal Surface Palmar Surface is wrinkled and Irregular.

11. Head: Non-Articular Irregular, Curved Shaped Distal Tuberosity. Serve as anchor point for Pulps of Digits Distal Phalanges are stabilized by : Distal Fascial Complex Collateral Ligament Extensor Expansion Collateral Ligament Attach to Base of Distal Phalanges to Reinforce DIP Joint Distal Phalanges Function : Flexion (at DIP Joints) Extension (at DIP Joints) Insertion: 2 Forearm Extensor & 1 Flexor Muscle Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Longus