PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDY OF ERGOT (INDOLE ALKAOIDS ).pptx

ERGOT IS THE DRIED SCLEROTIUM OF A PARASITIC FUNGUS CLAVICEPS PURPUREA DEVELOPMED ON THE OVARY OF RYE PLANT .

1. PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDY OF ERGOT (INDOLE ALKAOIDS ) BY :- PRITY PRIYA B-PHARM 6 TH SEMESTER KINPMS SA MASTIPUR , BIHAR

2. Claviceps purpurea on the wheat plant

3. SYNONYMS :- Rye ergot, Secale cornutum , Ergota , Spurred rye. BIOLOGICAL SOURCES :- Ergot is the dried sclerotium of a parasitic fungus Claviceps purpurea developed on the ovary of Rye plant . FAMILY :- Clavicipitanceae ( Hypocreaceae )

4. GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCES :- It is mainly found in Czechoslovakia , Hungary , Switzerland , France ,Spain, Russia , Germany and India. In India ergot is cultivated at Kodaikanal (Tamil Nandu). MORPHOLOGY :- APPEARANCE – occurs as sclerotium or ergot SHAPE – Slightly curved, fusiform , tapering at ends. SIZE – Length 1-4 cm , width 2-7 mm SURFACE – Bears longitudinal furrows followed by small transverse cracks FRACTURE – Short FRACTURED SURFACE – Having white or pinkish white zone of pseudoparenchyma with dark lines rediating from central parts . COLOUR – Dark –purple –black ODOUR – Characteristics TASTE - Unpleasant ,bitter

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6. MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS :- The outer most layer of the sclerotium is made up of few thin , flattened , polygonal cells of purple t dark brown colour While the inner part is made up of dense pseudo parenchymatous cells composed of chitin . The mycelial cells are around or oval , thick and with high refractive walls. They also contains cells with fixed oil. Sclerotium does not contains starch , calcium oxalate or any of the liquified tissue . ALLIED DRUGS :- Secale cereale Linne ( Gramineae - family ) C. nigricans C. paspali C. microcephala

7. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :- A no of alkaloids have been reported from ergot , basis of solubility in water , they are grouped into two categories :- (1) WATER SOLUBLE – Ergometrine , ergometrinine (2) WATER INSOLUBLE – (a) Erogotamine , ergotaminine , ergosine and ergosinine (Ergotamine group) (b) Ergocristine , ergocristinine , ergocryptine , ergocryptinine , ergocornine and ergocorninine ( Ergotoxine groups ) Besides the alkaloids ,ergot also contains pigments , ergosterol and fungi sterol , histamine , triamine , amino acids , chitin , acetyl choline , upto 30% fixed oil and 8% moisture. CHEMICAL TEST :- 1.) Ergot powder gives a blue colour with p- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde ( van – urk’s reagent ). 2.) Ergot under UV light shows a red coloured fluorescence's . 3.) Ergometrine gives a blue fluorescence in water .

8. LIFE CYCLE OF ERGOT

9. COLLECTION AND PREPARATION OF ERGOT :- Presently ,ergot is produced by natural way i.e. cultivation of rye plants and subsequently infecting with this fungus , as well as , by artificial way i.e. saprophytic production . For the natural way of production , rye plant is host and ergot is a parasite. It is known that more than 600 plants from different families of wild and cultivated frasses act as hosts for ergot fungus as a parasite or pathogen . The various other known species of this fungus are C. microcephala , C. nigricans and C. paspali which can produce ergot. Among all the hosts , rye is the better host for the large scale production of ergot by way of quality and quantity . Among the various stages of development of this fungus , sclerotial stage or a dormant stage contains the maximum amount of drugs. For a systemic study , it is necessary to know the other development stages of fungus or more precisely the life history of ergot.

10. USES :- Ergot is oxytocic , vasoconstrictor and abortifacient and used to assist delivery and to reduce post-partum haemorrhage. Ergotamine tartrate is used as a specific analgesic in treatment of migraine . Ergotoxine methanesulphonates (mesylates ) are used in geriatric patients . Lysergic acid diethylamide is a semisynthetic derivative and possesses psychotomimetic action and used in psychiatry . Ergometrine and methyl ergometrine are important drugs in obstetrics . Small doses of ergometine and methyl ergometrine are used after delivery to control bleeding nd maintain uterine firmness. ADULTERANTS :- Ergot is often adulterated with wheat .