pharmacognosy I.pptx. synonyms, biological sources.

B pharmacy

1. WEL – COME

2. Subject name :- pharmacognosy and phytochemistry I.

3. Topic name :- Tragacanth .

4. Content Synonym Biological source Geographical source Family Collection and formation Description Chemical Constituents Uses Chemical tests

5. Tragacanth Synonyms :- Gum Tragacanth, Tragacantha. Biological source :- It is the dried gummy exudation obtained by incision from stems and branches of Astragalus gummifer .

6. Geographical source :- The tragacanth mainly found in Greece, Iraq and Iran. It’s some species found in India. Family :- Leguminosae..

7. Collection and formation :- Tragacanth gum is formed as a result of transformation of the cells of pitch and medulary rays into gummy substance . Incision are more on various parts of the steam and fluid which oozes out is collected after drying. Tragacanth is found irregular flattened flakes with ribbon like appearance depending upon the Incisions made on the plant. It is Collected from April to November every year.

8. Description :- Colour :- White or pale yellow. Odour :- odorless. Taste :- Tasteless. Size :- About 3cm long, 1cm width and 2mm thick. Shape :- thin flattened ribbon like flakes. Solubility :- Purly soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. Features :- The gum is translucent with transverse and longitudinal ridges . Fracture of the drug is short.

9. Chemical constituents :- 1. Tragacanth contains two fractions of which one is soluble in water . 2. The water soluble portion of the tragacanth is known as tragacanth, consisting about 8 to 10% of the gum. 3. Water insoluble portion is known as bassorin. (60 – 70%) 4. Tragacanth contains about 15% of methoxy group which swells in water. 5. It is the constituent of the gum responsible for it’s high viscosity. 6. The product of hydrolysis are- Galactouronic acid D- galactopyranose L- arabino – rhamnose D- Xylopyranose.

10. Uses :- 1. Demulcent. 2. Emollient in cosmetics. 3. Thickening, suspending and emulsifying agent. 4. Mucilage is used as a binding agent in tablet. 5. Powder is used as an adhesive. 6. As a stabilizer for ice-cream in 0.2 to 0.3%.

11. Chemical test :- Solution of tragacanth + boiled with few drops of 10% aqueous ferric chloride => Deep yellow ppt. A stringy ppt is formed by dissolving tragacanth and precipitated copper oxide in concentrated ammonium hydroxide. Solution of tragacanth in water + Solution of sodium hydroxide => yellow colour gives green colour with strong iodine solution.

12. THANK-YOU.