Pharmacognosy-II alkaloid drug opium poppy

Pharmacognosy -II B.pharmacy III Rd year syllabus, alkaloid drug category.

1. OPIUM MR. thorat R. D. m.Pharm Assistant professor Department of pharmacology Rajarshi shahu collage of pharmacy markhel , Maharastra .

2. Opium Capsules

3. Containts Synonym Biological source Geographical source Microscopic character Macroscopic character Cultivation , Collection And Preparation Chemical constituents Chemical test Uses

4. 1 ) Synonym Common Name – Aphim, Poppy. Plant Part Used – Latex, Seeds.

5. 2 ) Biological source Opium is obtained from dried latex obtained by incision of the unripe capsule of Papaver Somnifarum . Family - Papaveraceae

6. 3 ) Geographical source Papaver Somnifarum Album (India) Papaver Somnifarum Glabrum (Turkey) Papaver Somnifarum Nigrum (European) India – Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar .

7. 4 ) Microscopic character Microscopy shows agglomerated latex granules in irregular mass. Stomata – Anomocytic . Pointed trichomes , few starch granules present.

8. 5 ) Macroscopic character Odour – Strong characteristic Taste - Bitter

9. 6 ) Cultivation, Collection And Preparation In I ndia, all the activities about opium and its derivatives are controlled under Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 . Opium poppy is grown from November To March (Rabi crop). Capsules ready in March – April. Well drained loamy soil with fine sand. Lancing and collection starts in middle of February up to A pril . Incision is judged by compactness and change in color of capsule. Incision are vertically is made in afternoon after white milk like exudate and scrapped off before sunrise, collect to stored in plastic containers.

10. Process repeated till exudation of latex stops and capsule becomes dry. The incising process is repeated for about 4 times on the same capsule with 2 days interval. Dried in sunlight and delivered to department of narcotics, government of india .

11. 7 ) Chemical constituents Morphine (9 – 14 %) 2) Codeine (0.7 – 2.5%)

12. Chemical constituents 3) Heroine (0.3 – 1.5 %) 4) Papaverine (1%) 5) Total Alkaloids present (35). 6) Gum 7) Oleoresin 8) Oil 9) Pigments.

13. 8 ) Chemical test 1) Marquis test – Morphine + Conc. H2SO4 + HCHO Dark violet colour . 2) Meconic acid + FeCl3 Deep reddish purple colour . 3) Morphine + SiO2 Blue colour .

14. 9 ) Uses Morphine is used as a analgesic. Sedative and hypnotics, narcotic. Morphine also produces respiratory depression and constipation. Codeine – Cough syrup preparation, mild analgesic. Papaverine – smooth muscle relaxants, relives asthma.