Pharmacognosy OF LIQUORICE(Saponin Glycoside)

Dr.KNMIPER ,MODINAGAR, GHAZIABAD
ALOK SINGH
B.Pharm 3rd year
1507850005

1. PHARMACOGNOSY LIQUORICE ( Saponin Glycoside) ALOK SINGH B.Pharm 3 rd YEAR Roll.no.- 1507850005

2. LIQUORICE

3. LIQUORICE   Synonyms:- Glycyrrhiza ; Liquorice root; Glycyrrhizae radix . Biological Sources:- Liquorice  is the dried, peeled or unpeeled, roots, rhizome or stolon of  Glycyrrhiza glabra   Linn . Family:- Leguminosae .

4. Geographical Source  Liquorice  is grown in the sub-Himalayan tracts and Baluchistan . It is cultivated on a large scale in Spain, Sicily and Yorkshire (England ). The following are the  three  commonly grown varieties of  Glycyrrhiza glabra , namely:   G. glabra   var.  violaceae   (or  Persian Liquorice ): This specific species bears violet flowers,   G. glabra   var   gladulifera   (or  Russian Liquorice ): It has a distinct big stock together with a number of elongated roots, but it has not got any stolon , and   G. glabra   var.  typica   (or  Spanish Liquorice ): This specific plant bears only purplish-blue coloured papilionaceous flowers. It possesses a large number of stolons .

5. Macroscopic Characterstics Colour :   Unpeeled Liquorice -Externally, yellowish brown or dark brown; and internally, yellowish colour. Odour  : Faint and characteristic. Taste :   Sweet. Size :   Length = 20 to 50 cm; Diameter = 2 cm. Shape  :   Unpeeled drug —Straight and nearly cylindrical Peeled drug —Mostly angular. Fracture  : Fibrous in bark; and splintery in the wood.

6. Microscopic Characterstics The transverse section reveals several yellow-brown cork layers, and a layer of phelloderm that is 1 to 3 cells thick . The cortex exhibits medullary rays, and obliterated sieve portions radiate alternately . The phloem exhibits groups of phloem fibers , which are surrounded by crystal cells, with thick but incompletely lignified walls . The vessels are accompanied by xylem fibers , which are surrounded by crystal cells, and by xylem parenchyma cells. The parenchyma cells contain starch grains and often contain single crystals of calcium oxalate

7. Chemical constituents

8. Identification Test When sulphuric acid ( 80% W/V) is added to a thick section of the drug or powder, it instantly produced a deep yellow colour.

9. Uses 1.  Glycyrrhiza   has demulscent and expectorant properties 2. It is used as a masking agent for bitter drugs in pharmaceutical formulations, such as: quinine, aloe, ammonium chloride etc. 3.  Ammoniated glycyrrhiza   is employed as a flavouring agent in beverages, pharmaceuticals and confectionary. 4. The inherent surfectant activity due to the presence of saponins helps to facilitate the absorption of poorly absorbed drugs, for instance: anthraquinone glycosides. 5.  The presence of  glycyrrhetinic acid  exert mineralocorticoid activity and hence it is used in the treatment of inflamations , rhematoid arthritis and Addison’s disease.

10. Adulterants Glycyrrhiza uralansis ,  also known as  Manchurian Liquorice , which is pale chocholate brown in appearance having wavy medullary rays and exfoliated cork is mostly used as an adulterant for  G. glabra . This particulr species is from sugar, but contains  glycyrrhizin . Sometimes, the  Russian Liquorice  is also used as an adulterant, because the drug is purplish in appreance , has long roots but having no stolons .

11. Thank You