Pharmacology assignment 2

assignment

1. Dow University of Health Sciences

POST RN BSN

Year I Semester I

Pharmacology

Assignment #2










Name: Faisal Joel Father Name: Mushtaq Masih

Enrolment No: 013

Assignment submitted to; Sir Yusuf Shah

2. 1-EFFICACY,

Efficacy is the ability to perform a task to a satisfactory or expected degree. The word comes from
the same roots as effectives.
OR

In pharmacology, efficacy is the maximum response achievable from an applied or
dosed agent, for instance, a small molecule drug. Intrinsic activity is a relative term
for a drug's efficacy relative to a drug with the highest observed efficacy.

2-POTENCY

Potency is an expression of the activity of a drug in terms of the concentration or
amount of the drug required to produce a defined effect, whereas
clinical efficacy judges the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug in humans.

3-THERAPEUTIC INDEX ,

The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of
the relative safety of a drug.

4- DRUG INDUCE TOXICITY,
Drug induce toxicity occurs when a person has accumulated too much of a drug in his
bloodstream, leading to adverse effects on the body.
5. PHARMACOKINETICS ,
The branch of pharmacology concerned with the movement of drugs within the body.
Pharmacokinetics involves four basic steps: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
excretion
6. PHARMACODYNAMICS,
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects
of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). ... In particular, pharmacodynamics is the
study of how a drug affects an organism, whereas pharmacokinetics is the study of how
the organism affects the drug.

3. 8.OVER THE COUNTER,
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a
requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to
prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid
prescription.
9. INDICATION,
Indication In medical terminology, an "indication" for a drug refers to the use of that drug
for treating a particular disease. For example, diabetes is an indication for insulin.
Contraindication… In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that serves
as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause
the patient. Contraindication is the opposite of indication, which is a reason to use a
certain treatment. There are two type of contraindication 1. Relative contraindication 2.
Absolute contraindication .
10. GENERIC AND TRADE NAME OF DRUGS ,
Generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs that have exactly the same dosage,
intended use, effects, side effects, route of administration, risks, safety, and strength as
the original drug. ... A generic drug, one used for hypertension, is metoprolol, whereas
a brand name for the same drug is Lopressor.
REFERENCE,
Google
Wikipedia
https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/antimicrobial-resistance
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Pharmacodynamics
www.sciencedirect.com › topics › chemistry › pharmacok.