Pharmacy Practice Unit: II f.) Community Pharmacy Management

This presentation is a comprehensive guide on Community Pharmacy Management, specifically designed for B.Pharm IV year students in their VII semester, studying the subject of Pharmacy Practice. It offers an in-depth exploration of the essential aspects of managing a community pharmacy, which plays a crucial role in the healthcare system by providing accessible pharmaceutical care to the public.
Key Highlights of the Presentation:
1. Introduction to Community Pharmacy Management:
- The presentation begins with an introduction to community pharmacy and its significance in the healthcare ecosystem. It outlines the responsibilities of a community pharmacist and the vital role they play in ensuring the well-being of the community.
2. Financial Management in Community Pharmacy:
- Effective financial management is the backbone of a successful pharmacy. This section covers the key financial requirements, including initial capital investment, budgeting, and cost management. It also discusses various revenue streams and profitability strategies, helping future pharmacists understand the importance of financial planning in sustaining and growing a pharmacy business.
3. Material Management:
- Proper inventory management is critical to the smooth operation of a community pharmacy. This part of the presentation details the best practices for managing inventory, including procurement strategies, storage conditions, and the use of technology to track and manage stock levels efficiently. It also touches on the importance of maintaining an optimal balance between supply and demand to ensure uninterrupted service to patients.
4. Staffing and Human Resource Management:
- The success of a community pharmacy largely depends on its staff. This section provides insights into staffing requirements, including the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and support staff. It also covers hiring and training processes, staff scheduling, and strategies for motivation and retention. Additionally, the presentation emphasizes the importance of continuing education and development for pharmacy staff to keep up with the latest advancements in the field.
5. Infrastructure
- A well-designed pharmacy layout enhances workflow efficiency and patient satisfaction. This segment focuses on the infrastructure requirements, including space planning, equipment needs, and regulatory compliance. It guides students on how to design a pharmacy layout that meets the needs of both the staff and patients, ensuring smooth operation and optimal patient care.
6. Conclusion:
- The presentation concludes by summarizing the key points discussed, emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach to community pharmacy management. It also encourages students to actively engage in the management aspects of pharmacy practice to ensure they are well-prepared for their future careers.

1. Pharmacy Practice U nit- II f.) Community Pharmacy M anagement Presented By: Mr. Vijay N Gunjkar Assistant Professor Nanded Pharmacy College

2. www.reallygreatsite.com Community Pharmacy Management refers to the practice of overseeing and coordinating the daily operations of a community pharmacy, including financial management, inventory control, staff management, and customer service . Community pharmacy managers are responsible for ensuring that their pharmacy is run efficiently and effectively, and that it meets the needs of its patients and the community it serves

3. www.reallygreatsite.com Financial Management Financing is required to set up a new community pharmacy in order to maintain the medicines stock and cover the expenses. Purpose of finance: To purchase land, building, machinery and equipment. To purchase raw materials and other materials. To pay salaries, wages and incidental charges. To maintain stock and supply products.

4. Types finance Fixed Finance: These assets are free from financial obligations or debts Used for permanent assets like land, buildings, machinery, and furniture . Working Capital: Required for daily operations such as wages, salaries, rent, and taxes. It can be either fixed or variable Sources of Finance Owned Finance: Generated by owner, partner or share holders. As long as business run it remains and surplus is returned to share holders. Loan (Borrowed) Finance : The capital is generated from bank or other financial institutions. Interest is paid periodically at a fixed rate, can be obtained against mortgage or pledge of the property .

5. Material Management Material management is the planning, directing, controlling and coordinating the activities concerned with material and inventory requirements from the point of their inception to their introduction into the manufacturing process. Function of materials management: Procurement of raw materials and other inputs required for production . Maintaining stores and stock levels. Receiving and issuing of the materials. Transportation and material handling. Disposal of scrap and surplus material Stocking & Coding are important aspects of Material management.

6. Stocking The drug store should have adequate space for storage of drug with proper lighting, ventilation and temperature controls. Special locked storage space provided to meet the legal requirements for storage of narcotics, alcohol and prescribed drugs. Functions of stocking Receiving , handling and speedy issue of material Custodian of goods in store against damage and pilferage. To establish regular supply of materials Physical stocking and its checking. Efficient utilization of store space To provide service to the organization in most economic way. Proper identification and easy location of items.

7. Arrangements of Drugs in Drug Store According to manufacturer: The drugs are arranged in a drug store, manufacturer-wise for example, the drug manufactured by Glaxo (India) Ltd. are place in one cup-board and so on. According to pharmacological action: The drugs may be arranged in order of their pharmacological action for example, all analgesics drugs are placed in one cupboard. All multivitamin preparations are kept in another cupboard and so on. Alphabetical order: The drugs may also be arranged alphabetically. The drugs starting with letter “A” are placed in one row of the cupboard. Similarly with other drugs based on their first alphabet.

8. As per old stock and date of expiry: Drugs are stored in such a way that the older stock must be sold first, so that the old stock is stored in front row and the fresh stock is stored on the backside. Location of stores for stocking: The location of stores in an enterprise should be at a place where handling, transportation and movement of the material is at a minimum level. If there is only single plant or many plants situated at the same area, then it is profitable to have one centralize store to serve all production operations.

9. Coding or Codification: Coding or codification is the process of assigning a unique code number or symbol to specific materials for easy identification. Manufacturers, distributors, and wholesalers often have large inventories, making it difficult to locate items in the store. To address this, a system is developed where each item is assigned a code number, ensuring that everything has a designated place and can be easily identified. Advantages of codification It helps in easy identification of items It helps in grouping the similar items together. The ambiguity in description of the materials can be avoided. The detailed description of the materials is minimized It helps in avoiding duplication of items. It helps in physical counting. (g) It helps in inspection of the materials. The coding helps in maintaining the secrecy of the items.

10. Methods of codification 1. Alphabetical order method: This method is also known as “Letter Code” system. In this system all items are on the code number alphabetically for example Code “C” represents capsules Code “T” represents tablets. 2. Mnemonic method: In this method, coding letters assigned to each items so that they can be very easily identified for example “APC” represents aspirin, paracetamol and caffeine. The main disadvantage is that the items cannot be identified without refers code index book. 3. Numerical method: This method is also known as ‘sequence system method’. Under this method separate numbers are assigned to different classification of store items. The method has the following sub-systems-

11. Block system: In this method the numbers are reserved for specified items. Example let the number 10-50 is allotted to various types of tablets. 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 10.5 represents antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, decongestants and cold remedies respectively. Decimal system: In this system, the numbers are assigned in such a way that each digit represents the separate name under same heading. example- Let the code for tablet is 10, then 10.1 (Paracetamol- antipyretic), 10.2 ( Analgin -analgesic ) 4. Combination method: In this method both mnemonic and numerical methods are combined to assign a code to different items of the store example Code number “CPC” is allotted from chloramphenicol capsules. Code number “PAT 11” is allocated to paracetamol with analgin tablets. This method is used when store items are quite large

12. 5. Locating coding : In a large organization with many storage areas, store rooms are divided into blocks. Each block is identified by a lateral and a longitudinal block letter. The location of items can be determined using a combination of warehouse number, block number, row number, rack number, and shelf number. Location of any item inside the store rooms can also be done in the following manner- Fixed location: In this method each and every group of items is allotted a fixed place inside the store according to either- ( i ) Supplier wise (ii) Item wise (iii) According to the utility of the item. Random location: This is most widely used method in almost all kinds of retail shops but each group items are stored, in a particular shelf for its easy location. Zonal location: According to this system, available space is divided into different zones and each zone is allotted to different kinds of items. The zones can be named as- ( i ) Bulk Zone (ii) Reserve Stock Zone (iii) Spare part Zone (iv) Consumable Item zone

13. Staff Management The process of hiring and developing the required personnel to fill in various positions in the organization. It involves the scientific and systemic procurement, allocation, utilization, conversation and development of human resources. The main objective of the staffing is to ensure the optimum utilization of human resources as well as to provide personal and social satisfaction to the employees .

14. Importance of staffing Staffing helps to build up a healthy organization in which the job performance and satisfaction of every employee can be high. Staffing injects life into the organization by providing right person for every job. The effectiveness of directing and control functions also depends upon staffing . ( iii ) Employees in the organization are the most valuable asset of an organization. The quality of human assets largely determines the success and growth of the organization .

15. Infrastructure Requirements Selection of Pharmacy location The site available must be most suitable one available in the city Site of the pharmacy should be at the centre of the population to be served to ensure accessibility and convince. Factors to be consider: Population Characteristics Such as population size, growth rate, occupation trend, income distribution, prescription buying power etc. Competitive characteristics such as number of competitor, distribution, location and growth trend. Physician availability such as number and types of physicians Financing such as requirement and sources of fund

16. 2. Premises Well built, well ventilated and with sufficient storage capacity for goods material Neat and clean environment Easily identified by the public Maintained with the SOP Separate dispensing unit and waiting area Telephone service and constant supply of electricity Drinking water facility Display of information leaflets/ Materials Separate counselling area

17. 3. Furniture's and Fixtures Neat, well placed shelves for storage of medicines. Protected from moisture, heat and light. Well furnished counselling area with table and cabinets for storage of records 4. Equipment's Refrigerator storage facility Computer and software Counselling room equipped with reference material, charts, basic instruments like weighing balance, height meter, glucometer, sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, thermometer etc. List of equipment reported in Schedule N of Drugs & Cosmetics act.