Pharyngitis converted

pharyngitis detail description

1. PHARYNGITIS
Ms. SAHELI C
LECTURER
IACN

3. DEFINITION
Inflammationofthepharynx.

4. ACUTE PHARYNGITIS (SORETHROAT):
isasuddenpainfulinflammationofthepharynx,
thebackportionofthethroatthatincludesthe
posteriorthirdofthetongue,softpalate,andtonsils.

5. ETIOLOGY
•Environmental exposure to viral agents -adenovirus, influenza
virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplexvirus
•Poorly ventilated rooms.
•Winter and early spring.
•Bacterial infection -group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus
(GABHS), which is commonly referred to as group A streptococcus
(GAS) or streptococcal pharyngitisor strep throat.
•Other bacterial organism includes-Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae,H. influenzae typeB.

7. CLINICALFEATURES
•Fieryredpharyngealmembrane.
•Rednessandswellinginthetonsillarpillar,uvula,andsoftpalate.
•Swollenlymphnode.
•Enlargedandtendercervicallymphnode.
•Feverhigherthan101˚F,malaise,headache,myalgiaandpainfulsore
throat.
•OccasionallypatientwithGASpharyngitisexhibitvomiting,anorexia
andscarletfever.
•Badbreath.

9. DIAGNOSIS
•HistoryCollection.
•Physicalexamination.
•Culture & sensitivitytest.
•Bloodinvestigation.
•Rapid streptococcal antigen test[RSAT]

10. TREATMENT
•Viralpharyngitisistreatedwithsupportivemeasuresbecause
antibioticshavenoeffectonthecausalorganism.
•PenicillinVpotassiumgivenfor5daysistheregimenofchoicefor
bacterialpharyngitis.
•Patientwithresistanttopenicillinorerythromycin;Cephalosporin
(5-10daycourse)andmacrolides(eg.Azithromycinfor3days)
maybeused.

11. •Analgesiceg.Aspirinoracetaminophenfor4-6hour
interval
•Saltwatergarglingtobesoothing.
•Inseverecases,gargleswithbenzocainemayrelieve
symptoms.

12. NUTRITIONALTHERAPY
•Aliquidorsoftdiet.
•Coolbeverages,warmliquids,andflavoredfrozendesserts
suchasPopsiclesareoftensoothing.Occasionally,thethroat
issosorethatliquidscannotbetakeninadequateamounts
bymouth.
•Inseveresituations,intravenous(IV)fluidsmaybeneeded.
•Otherwise,thepatientisencouragedtodrinkasmuchfluid
aspossible(atleast2to3Lperday).

13. CHRONICPHARYNGITIS
•Chronic pharyngitis is a persistent inflammation of
the pharynxcharecterised by multiple, white
elongated keratinized epithelial outgrowths project
from the surface of tonsil, base of tongue or
posterior pharyngealwall.

14. Itiscommoninadults-
•whoworkindustysurroundings.
•Whousetheirvoicetoexcess.
•sufferfromchroniccough
•Habituallyusealcoholandtobacco.
INCIDENCE

15. TYPES OF CHRONICPHARYNGITIS:
1.Hypertrophic:characterizedbygeneralthickeningand
congestionofthepharyngealmucousmembrane
2.Atrophic:probablyalatestageofthefirsttype(the
membraneisthin,whitish,glistening,andattimes
wrinkled)
•Chronicgranular (“clergyman’s sore throat”):
characterized by numerous swollen lymph follicles on
the pharyngealwall

16. CLINICALMANIFESTATIONS
•Constant sense of irritation or fullness in the
throat, mucus that collects in the throat and can
be expelled by coughing, and difficulty
swallowing.
•A sore throat that is worse with swallowing in the
absence of pharyngitis suggests the possibility of
thyroiditis.

17. MEDICALMANAGEMENT
•Treatmentofchronicpharyngitisisbasedonrelieving
symptoms.
•Avoidingexposuretoirritants.
•Correctingupperrespiratory,pulmonary,gastrointestinal
orcardiacconditionthatmightberesponsiblefora
chroniccough.
•Nasalspray-torelivednasalcongestion.

18. •Antihistamine decongestant medications for patient
with allergy; egPseudoephedrine orally for every 4-6
hours.
•Analgesic-Aspirin
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
•Tonsillectomy : In case of severe chronic pharyngitis
followed by tonsillitis.

19. NURSING MANAGEMENT
➢Prevent the infection from spreading.
➢Recommends avoidance of alcohol, tobacco, second
hand smoke.
➢Recommend to avoid the exposure to cold or to
environmental or occupational pollutants.
➢Encourage patient to wear a disposable facemask.
➢Encourages the patient to drink plenty of fluids.
➢Gargling with warm saline solution may relieve throat
discomfort.

20. ➢Lozenges keep the throat moistened.
➢An ice collar also can relieve severe sore throats.
➢Mouth care may promote the patients comfort and
prevent the development of fissures of the lips and oral
inflammation when bacterial infection is present.
➢The nurse instructs the patient and family about the
importance of taking the full course of therapy and inform
them about the symptoms to watch for complications.

21. ➢Instructthepatientaboutthepreventivemeasuressuch
asnotsharingtheinfectedpersonsutensils,glasses,
napkins,foodortowels,cleaningtelephonesafteruse,use
atissuetocoughorsneeze,replacehisorhertoothbrush
withanewone.

22. THANKYOU