Pharynx & larynx & thorax

pharynx
larynx
thorax
lung

1. Pharynx , larynx & thorax Dr. Haydar Muneer Salih

2. The Pharynx

3. The pharynx is situated behind the nasal cavities, the mouth, and the larynx and may be divided into nasal , oral , and laryngeal parts . The pharynx is funnel shaped, its upper, wider end lying under the skull and its lower, narrow end becoming continuous with the esophagus opposite the 6th cervical vertebra The pharynx

4. The muscles in the wall of the pharynx consist of the superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles , whose fibers run in a somewhat circular direction and the stylopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus muscles, whose fibers run in a somewhat longitudinal direction Muscles of the Pharynx

5. The pharynx is divided into three parts: the nasal pharynx, the oral pharynx, and the laryngeal pharynx. Interior of the Pharynx

6. The esophagus is a muscular tube about ( 25 cm ) long, extending from the pharynx to the stomach. It begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage, opposite the body of the sixth cervical vertebra Anteriorly: The trachea. Posteriorly: The prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia The Esophagus

7. The Larynx

8. The larynx is an organ that provides a protective sphincter at the inlet of the air passage and is responsible for voice production. It is situated below the tongue and hyoid bone connected between the pharynx and the trachea located in the midline opposite the 4 th , 5 th , and 6 th cervical vertebrae. The Larynx

9. Thyroid cartilage: this is the largest cartilage of the larynx hyaline cartilage that meet in the midline in the prominent V angle ( the so-called Adam’s apple) It is lies between C4 and C6. Cricoid cartilage: this cartilage is formed from hyaline cartilage and shaped like a signet ring. It lies below the thyroid cartilage It is lie at C6 Cartilages of the larynx :

10. Cricoid Cartilage

11. Arytenoid cartilage: are small and pyramidal in shape and formed from hyaline cartilage . It is form framework of the true vocal cord Epiglottis: this leaf shaped lamina of elastic cartilage lies behind the root of the tongue. It help prevent foreign bodies from entering the larynx Corniculate cartilage: & Cuneiform cartilage: these 2 small rod-shaped elastic cartilages Cartilages of the larynx:

12. Epiglottis

13. The vocal cord is a mobile fold on each side of the larynx and is concern with voice production. It is avascular and white in color. (The vocal cord move with respiration and its white in color is easy seen when viewed with laryngoscope). The gap between the vocal cords is called Glottis which represents the narrowest part of the larynx Vocal Folds (Cords )

14. Thorax Thorax is the part of trunk which extends from the thoracic inlet or root of neck up to the abdomen

15. consists of an Osseo-cartilaginous framework made up of: 1-thoracic vertebrae 2-ribs 3-costal cartilages 4-sternum. Thoracic cage

16. Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Number of openings to allow passage of structures between thoracic and abdominal cavities. Largest openings for esophagus, aorta and inferior vena cava. Only muscle that must contract for quiet, relaxed inspiration. Usually under both conscious and unconscious control. Diaphragm :

17. Lung is the organ of respiration. A pair of lungs are present in the thoracic cavity separated by mediastinum and heart . Each lung is enveloped by a double layer of serous membrane known as pleura . They are elastic and spongy. Each lung is conical in shape with one side flattened. Lung presents with apex, base with three borders and two surfaces. LUNG

18. The right lung is divided into three lobes by an oblique and a horizontal fissure. The left lung is however divided into two lobes by a single oblique fissure At rest, human being breaths about 12-15 times per minute. 500 ml of air is taken in each breath which equal to 6-8 liters of air in 1 minute LUNG

19. Thank You