pharynx and larynx

pharynx and larynx powerpoint presentation

1. Pharynx & Larynx Presented By: Abdul Sitar

2. Contents Introduction of Respiratory system Structure of Pharynx Function of Pharynx Structure of Larynx Function of Larynx Reference

3. Respiratory System The exchange of gases between the atmosphere blood and cell is called Respiration . Respiratory system provide the route by which the supply of oxygen or atmosphreric air enter the body and it provides the route of exhalation for carbon-dioxide cardiovascular system , blood contaning gases between lung and body cell.

4. Structure of pharynx It is a passage way about 12 – 14 cm long It extend form posterior nares,and runs behind the mouth The larynx to the level of six thoracic vertebrae Where it becomes the oesophagus It is divided into 3 parts

5. Part of Pharynx Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx

6. Nasopharynx Nasal part of the pharynx lies behind the nose above the level of the soft palate There are five openings in its wall Two internal nares , two opening that lead into the auditory tube, and one opening into oropharynx Posterior wall also contains pharyngeal tonsil

7. Oropharynx It is the oral part of the pharynx, That is lies behind the mouth . It is extending from below the level of soft plate The level of upper part of the body of there cervical vertebra.

8. Laryngopharynx It is the laryngeal part of the pharynx It extends from orophrynx above & continues as the oesophagus below with the larynx lined anteriorly It is also both respiratory and diagestive in function It is lined by non keratinised stratified, squamous epithelium

9. Function of pharynx It is the passage way for air and food warming and humidifying hearing – The auditory tube,extending from the nasopharynx to each middle ear

10. Structure of Larynx Larynx or voice box links the laryngopharynx and the trachea Larynx is composed of several irregularly shaped cartilages attached to each other by ligaments and membrane The main cartilages are (1) one thyroid cartilage (2) one cricoid cartilage (3) one epiglottis (4) paired arytenoids cuneiform and corniculate

11. Thyroid cartilage It is made up of hyaline cartilage lies in front of the neck Its anterior wall projects into soft tissue in front of thyroid forming Adam’s apple Ligament that connects thyroid cartilage to Hyoid bone is called thyrohyoid membrane Upper part of the cartilage is lined with stratified squamous epithelium,lower part is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium

12. Cricoid cartilage It is a ring of hyaline cartilage that forms the inferior wall of larynx Attached to first ring of cartilage of trachea by the cricotracheal ligament or membrane Thyroid cartilage is connected to cricoid cartilage by the cricothyroid membrane or ligament This cartilage is lined with ciliated columnar epithelium.

13. Arytenoids cartilage These are triangular pieces of mostly hyaline cartilage and located at the posterior, superior boarder of cricoid cartilage They gives attachment to the vocal cords to the muscles and are lined with ciliated columnar epithelium

14. Epiglottis It is a large leaf shaped piece of elastic cartilage that is covered with epithelium It is composed of elastic cartilage and almost anteriorly covered by taste buds mucosa It extends from the posterior aspects of tongue to it anchoring point or anterior limb of thyroid cartilage Glottis consist of pair of folds of mucous membrane the vocal cord in larynx and space between them is called rima glottidis.

15. Interior of Larynx Vocal cords are two pale folds of mucus membrane When the muscles controlling the vocal cords are relaxed, the vocal cords open and passage way for air coming up through larynx is clear Vocal cords are said to be abducted(open) low pitch sound produced When the muscle controlling vocal cords contract, vocal cords are stretched to this extend and are vibrated by air passing through lungs (high pitch sound produced)muscles are abducted (close)

16. Function of Larynx Production of sound Speech Humidifying Filtering, warming Passage way for air

17. Reference Ross and Wilson principles of anatomy and physiology edition 10 page No 238-244.

18. Thank you