Phases of counselling process – 5d model 03.pptx

5D - Phases of counselling process

1. Phases of counselling process – 5d model Presented by : Pooja 220101050003 Yogesh 220101050002

2. Counselling 2   The process that occurs when a client and counsellor set aside time in order to explore difficulties which may include the stressful or emotional feelings of the client. The act of helping the client to see things more clearly, possibly from a different view-point. This can enable the client to focus on feelings, experiences or behaviour , with a goal to facilitating positive change. A relationship of trust. Confidentiality is paramount to successful counselling. Professional counsellors will usually explain their policy on confidentiality, they may, however, be required by law to disclose information if they believe that there is a risk to life.  

3. Different formats of counselling In-Person Group Counselling Telephonic Sessions Online Counselling 3

4. Counselling skills Communication skills To establish rapport with the client To be empathetic 4

5. Counselling process The counseling process is a planned and structured dialogue between client and counselor. The counselor is a trained and qualified professional who helps the client identify the source of their concerns or difficulties; then, together, they find counselling approaches to help deal with the problems faced . 5

6. Counselling process – the 5D model Hackney and Cormier (2005) propose a five-stage model for defining the counseling process through which both counselor and client move. Stage one: Initial disclosure- Relationship building Stage two: In-depth exploration- Problem assessment Stage three : Commitment to action- Goal setting Stage four: Counselling intervention Stage five: Evaluation, termination, or referral 6

7. Stage 1:relationship building –initial disclosure “Relationship” is a term that has been used in many different situations. It could imply the ties between two people in love, the bond between family members or close friends or colleagues or even the bond between a person and his or her pet. In counselling, relationship takes on a more specific meaning. The counsellor establishes rapport with the client based on trust, respect and mutual prupose . Carl Rogers was among the earliest to emphasize the importance of building a relationship between the counsellor and the client. He identified three important conditions for the establishment of an effective counselor-client relationship: Empathy, Genuineness and Unconditional Caring. 7

8. a) Empathy According to Rogers, empathy “means that the therapist senses accurately the feelings and personal meanings that the client is experiencing and communicates this acceptant understanding to the client”. The word "empathy" comes from the German word " einfuhlung " which roughly means "in feeling" or "feeling into something." It is the active practice of feeling into the inscape of another. You must assure the client that they feel safer to speak. Feel safe means being free to speak even the most hurtful things, feeling heard, understood and accepted. Your client may reveal all their experiences, from earliest childhood to the present and the way you respond will either build or destroy that sense of safety. 8

9. b)Genuineness Genuineness refers to the counsellor’s state of mind. It means that you as a counsellor can respond to the client as a human being and not in terms of a therapist. You are comfortable with yourself and the counselling situation. The genuine counsellor is one who is congruent, spontaneous, Non defensive, d) consistent and comfortable with the client 9

10. c) Warmth Warmth is the ability to communicate and demonstrate genuine caring and concern for clients. Using this ability, counsellors convey their acceptance of clients, their desire for client’s well- being, and their sincere interest finding workabel solutions to the problems that clients present. Warmth can be communicated also through nonverbal behaviour such as a smile, tone of voice, facial expression. Warmth indicates to the client acceptance. 10

11. Stage 2 : in depth exploration –problem assessment People seek a counsellor to help resolve concerns or problems that ar interfering with their daily life or causing them despair. The counsellor comes to the counselling situation with the expectation to do something to ease or improve the client’s situation. In the second stage of the counselling process, the counsellor attempts to assess the client. Assessment refers to anything counsellors do to gather information and draw conclusions about the concerns of clients. Assessment takes place at the beginning of the counselling process. But, some degree of assessment takes place throughout the counselling process with purpose of finding missing pieces if the puzzle, i.e. the client. 11

12. Why assess your client ? It should be remembered that you are assessing your client not for the purpose of judging or evaluating him or her. The purpose of assessment is to seek clarification; you want to know about your client. Seligman suggests the following reasons for assessing a client: Enable counsellors to make an accurate diagnosis Determine a person’s suitability for a particular treatment plan Enable counsellors to develop a treatment plan Make goal-setting easier and achievement of goals measurable Enable assessment of environment or context Facilitate generation of options and alternatives 12

13. What to assess ? Hackney and Cormier (2005) listed the following important components of assessing the client: Identifying Data   Name, address, phone number [to enable the counsellor to contact and gives an indication of the conditions under which the client lives Age, gender, marital status, occupation [gives an indication of the age of the client and some background about marital status] 13

14. Client’s Current Life Style   How does the client spend a typical day? What social, religious and recreational activities is the client involved in? What is the nature of the client’s educational situation? What special characteristics about the client? e.g. age, physical, cultural, etc. Family History   Father and mother: age, occupation, personalities, roles, relationship with client Siblings: age, present life and relationship with client Family stability: jobs held, family moves and reasons. Personal History   Medical history: illness, injury Education history: academic performance, extra- curriculur activities, hobbies and interests, relationships with peers Career: jobs held, types of jobs, relationships with colleagues and fellow workers Client’s personal goals in life 14

15. Description of the Client during the Interview   Physical appearance : posture, dress, gestures, facial expression How client related to counsellor in the session? Client’s warmth, readiness, motivation, passivity, etc. Were the client’s remarks logical? Connected to another. Summary and Recommendations   Connection between problem stated by the client and other information collected. Should the client be assigned to a particular counsellor? Are the goals for counselling stated by the client realistic? How much counselling might be required? 15

16. Stage 3 :goal setting –Commitment to action 16

17. WHY DO YOU NEED GOALS? With clear goals, clients are more likely or motivated to work toward achieving those goals. With goals clients learn how to structure their lives towards achieving the goals. With goals, it is easier for the counsellor to select and evaluate appropriate counselling interventions. When goals are stated clearly, both the counsellor and client have a better understanding of what is to be accomplished. 17

18. Stage four: Counselling intervention Interventions are  intentional behaviors or “change strategies” introduced by the counselor to help clients implement problem management and move toward goals   This stage varies depending on the counselor and the theories they are familiar with, as well as the situation the client faces. For example, a behavioral approach may suggest engaging in activities designed to help the client alter their behavior. In comparison, a person centered approach seeks to engage the client’s self-actualizing tendency. 18

19. Stage five: Evaluation, termination, or referral Evaluation is an important part of the counselling process. It is essential that the counselor undertakes evaluation before the termination of the process. Evaluating means to review how the counselee has taken the action in order to achieve the goal and in view of the plans how far the client is progressing. However, at this stage the purpose is of terminating the process. Counselling  is never abruptly terminated. The termination of counselling is systematically done after following a series of steps. 19

20. The counsellor during the evaluation and termination stage ensures the followings – 1) Evaluating readiness for termination of counselling process; 2) Letting the client know in advance about the termination of counselling; 3) Discuss with client the readiness for termination; 4) Review the course of action plan; 5) Emphasis the client’s role in effecting change; 6) Warning against the danger of ‘flight into health’; 7) Giving instructions for the maintenance of adaptive functioning; 8) Discussion of follow up sessions; and 9) Assuring the availability of counsellor in case of relapse into dysfunction 20

21. Summary 21 The counselling process is a planned, structured dialogue between a counsellor and a client. The fact that counselling is described as a process, there is the implicit meaning of a progressive movement toward an ultimate conclusion.

22. Thank you