Phasor-Measuremen in WAMS Abhishek 939.pptx

PMU

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, ARWAL DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING “ PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT(PMU )” Submitted by :- BANTI KUMAR-22103153937 SURAJ KUMAR-22103153938 ABHISHEK KUMAR-22103153939 PRINCE KUMAR-22103153940 ABHISHEK RAJ-22103153941 RAJNI BHARTI-22103153942 GUIDED BY :- Prof. Deepak kumar (H.O.D)

2. CONTENT Introduction Why PMU is used? Block Diagram Operation Advantages of using synchronophasor data Comparison between SCADA and PMU Application

3. Introduction of phasor measurement unit in power system PMU stands for Phasor Measurement Unit. It is generally used to measure magnitude and phase angle. it give real time information via PMU technologies. A PMUs is a device that capable of capturing waveform from a varius location and produce synchrophasor data with high speed communication, the security, protection. RB

4. This synchronised phasor is a mathematical expression that describes the amplitude and phase angle of an AC voltage or current at a given point on a power line. This information is also required for determining and evaluating system condition, as well as establishing frequency.

5. Traditional SCADA can take only one measurement after every 2 to 4 seconds while PMU can take 20 to 60 measurements per second, because every PMU data is time stamped using GPS data. All of the data is collected across a grid is synchronised using the same time varying mechanism. The practical application of this technology aids in the presentations of blackout and the understanding of real time power system behavior.

6. Why Phasor Measurement System is Used 1 2 ENHANCED STATE ESTIMATION- PMUs provide a quickly detect accurate data and fault location , Like a GPS locating a problem o a map 3 IMPROVE GRID STABILITY – PMUs help to identify potential Issues by measuring phasor REAL TIME MONITORING - PMUs provide the synchrophasor data at real time . Like a dashboard in a car 4.COMPARE WITH SCADA:- PMUs is more and fast captured data at same time compare with SCADA 4 1 2 3

7. Block Diagram of PMU

8. Main components of PMU ANALOG INPUTS The analog inputs (voltages and currents) are obtain from the secondary winding of potential and current transformers. A/D converter it converts the analog signal to digital signal ANTI-ALIASING FILTERS Anti-aliasing filters analog low pass filter which is used to filter out those components from the actual signal whose frequencies are greater than or equal to half of Nyquist rate to get the sampled waveform

9. Phase lock oscillator It provides the needed high speed synchronized sampling. Modem A device that modulates an analog carrier signal and encodes information from the signal a also demodulate the signal to the transmitted information signal is called modem. Global position system The synchronized time is given by GPS uses the accuracy clock from satellite technology. PROCESSOR The microprocessor calculates positive- sequence estimates of all the current and voltage signals using the DFT techniques. Certain other estimates of interest are frequency and rate of change of frequency measured.

10. Operation of Phasor Measurement System 1 Data Acquisition Voltage and current waveforms are captured at strategic locations in the power system. 2 Time Synchronization The measurements are time-stamped using GPS technology, allowing for accurate phasor calculations. 3 Phasor Computation The synchronized voltage and current measurements are used to compute the magnitude and phase angle of the phasors.

11. Comparison between SCADA and PMU SCADA PMU Lower sampling rate (typically 2-4 seconds) High sampling rate (up to 60 samples per second) Asynchronous measurements Synchronized, time-stamped measurements Focuses on local system monitoring Provides wide-area system visibility Slower response to grid disturbances Faster response to grid disturbances

12. Advantages of using synchrophasor data The dynamics of the system are caught more Quickly During Transients and disturbance ,critical monitoring is possible. With regard to abrupt disturbance, changes in voltage active or reactive power can be visualized. As a result of the corrective indication of stress, the grid situational. Awareness improves.

13. Application of PMU Adaptive relaying Instability prediction State estimation Improved control Fault recording Disturbance recording Transmission and generation modeling verification Wide area Protection Fault location

14. WIDE - AREA PROTECTION The introduction of the Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) has greatly improved the observability of the power system dynamics. Based on PMUs, different kinds of wide area protection, emergency control and optimization systems can be designed

15. Phasor measurement units are installed at both ends of the transmission line . The tree phase voltages and three phase currents are measured by PMUs located at both ends of line simultaneously. Fault location

16. Conclusion The phasor measurement system is a powerful tool that provides real-time, high-precision data on the performance of electrical power systems. By leveraging synchronized phasor measurements, power system operators can enhance grid monitoring, improve system modeling, and implement advanced protection schemes, ultimately leading to a more reliable and efficient power grid.

17. Thank You