Philippine History cavite Mutiny Report.ppt

Just a report about cavite mutiny

1. The Cavite Mutiny

2. The Cavite Mutiny
is one of the most
significant
historical
accounts in the
Philippine History.

3. It describes the uprising of
the Filipino troops and
workers at the Cavite
arsenal due to the removal
of the privileges:
exemption from the
tribute
exemption from forced
labor.

4. Exemption from the tribute

6. exemption from forced labor:
•All male Filipinos from 18 to
60 years of age were
required to give their free
labor, called polo, to the
government. This labor was
for 40 days a year, reduced
to 15 days in 1884.

8. It is an aim of natives
“togetridoftheSpanishgovernmentinthePhilippines”
which became the excuse for Spanish repression of the
emergent Philippine nationalist movement.

9. The mutiny was quickly
cluttered, Governor Rafael
de Izquierdo magnified the
incident and used it as an
excuse to clamp down on
those Filipinos who had been
calling for governmental
reform.

10. A number of Filipino intellectuals were seized and accused of complicity with the mutineers.
After a brief trial, three priests—José Burgos, Jacinto Zamora, and Mariano Gómez—
were publicly executed.

11. Tragically,theharshreactionoftheSpanishauthoritiesservedultimately
topromotethenationalistcause.

12. THE TWO Major Events happened in 1872
First, was the 1872 Cavite Mutiny
Second,was the martyrdom of the three martyr priests in the
persons of Fathers Mariano Gomes, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
(GOMBURZA) which is the awakening of nationalism among the
Filipinos.

14. 1872 CAVITE MUTINY: SPANISH PERSPECTIVE
ACCOUNT OF
GOVERNOR-GENERAL RAFAEL
IZQUIERDO Y GUTIÉRREZ

15. Heinsistedthatthemutinyisstimulatedandpreparedbythenative
clergy,mestizosandlawyersasasignalofobjectionagainstthe
injusticesofthegovernmentsuchasnotpayingprovincesfortobacco
crops,paytributeandrenderingofforcedlabor.
ItisnotclearlyidentifiedifIndiosplannedtoinaugurateamonarchyor
arepublicbecausetheydon'thaveawordintheirownlanguageto
describethisdifferentformofgovernment,whoseleaderinFilipino
wouldbecalled"hari".

16. However, it turned out that they would set at the
supreme of the government a priest, that the
leader selected would be Jose Burgos or Jacinto
Zamora which is the plan of the rebels who guided
them, and the means they counted upon its
realization.

18. Jose Montero y Vidal
•itasanattemptoftheIndiostooverthrowtheSpanish
governmentinthePhilippines.
•Gov.Gen.RafaelIzquierdo’sofficialreportmagnifiedtheevent
andmadeuseofittoimplicatethenativeclergy,whichwasthen
activeinthecallforsecularization.
•Thetwoaccountscomplimentedandcorroboratedwithone
another,onlythatthegeneral’sreportwasmorespiteful.

19. Jose Montero y Vidal
•theabolitionofprivilegesenjoyedbytheworkersofCavite
arsenalsuchasnon-paymentoftributesandexemptionfromforce
laborwerethemainreasonsofthe“revolution”.
•othercauseswereenumerated
overthrewthesecularthrone,dirtypropagandasproliferatedby
unrestrainedpress,democratic,liberalandrepublicanbooksand
pamphletsreachingthePhilippines,
mostimportantly,thepresenceofthenativeclergywhoseoutof
animosity(bitterness)againsttheSpanishfriars,“conspiredand
supported”therebelsandenemiesofSpain.

20. Jose Montero y Vidal and
Gov. Rafael de Izquierdo
•wasplannedearlierandwasthoughtofitasabig
conspiracyamongeducatedleaders,mestizos,
abogadillosornativelawyers,residentsofManila
andCaviteandthenativeclergy.
•insinuatedthattheconspiratorsofManilaand
Caviteplannedtoliquidatehigh-rankingSpanish
officerstobefollowedbythemassacreofthe
friars.

21. Jose Montero y Vidal and Gov. Izquierdo
•Accordingtotheaccountsofthetwo,on20January
1872,thedistrictofSampaloccelebratedthefeastof
theVirginofLoreto,unfortunatelyparticipantstothe
feastcelebratedtheoccasionwiththeusualfireworks
displays.Allegedly,thoseinCavitemistookthefireworks
asthesignfortheattack,andjustlikewhatwasagreed
upon,the200-mencontingentheadedbySergeant
LamadridlaunchedanattacktargetingSpanishofficers
atsightandapprehended(detained)thearsenal.

22. RESPONSE TO INJUSTICE:
THE FILIPINO VERSION OF THE INCIDENT

25. •Theincidentwasmerelyamutiny(defiance)bythe
nativeFilipinosoldiersandlaborersoftheCavitearsenal
whoturnedouttobedissatisfiedwiththeabolitionof
theirprivileges.
•Gov.Izquierdo’scold-bloodedpoliciessuchasthe
abolitionofprivilegesoftheworkersandnativearmy
membersofthearsenalandtheprohibitionofthe
foundingofschoolofartsandtradesfortheFilipinos,
whichthegeneralbelievedasacover-upforthe
organizationofapoliticalclub.

26. •TaverabelievedthattheSpanishfriarsandIzquierdousedthe
CaviteMutinyasapowerfulleverbymagnifyingitasafull-blown
conspiracyinvolvingthenativearmy,residentsofCaviteand
Manila,andthenativeclergytooverthrowtheSpanish
governmentinthePhilippines.
•Itisduringthetime,theCentralGovernmentinMadridannounced
itsintentiontodeprivethefriarsofallthepowersofintervention
inmattersofcivilgovernmentandthedirectionandmanagement
ofeducationalinstitutions.
•ThisturnoutofeventswasbelievedbyTavera,promptedthefriars
todosomethingdrasticintheirdiretomaintainpowerinthe
Philippines.

27. • The friars, fearing that their influence in the Philippines
would be a thing of the past, took advantage of the incident and
presented it to the Spanish Government as a vast conspiracy
organized throughout the archipelago with the object of
destroying Spanish sovereignty. Tavera sadly confirmed that the
Madrid government came to believe that the scheme was true
without any attempt to investigate the real facts or extent of the
alleged “revolution” reported by Izquierdo and the friars.
• Convicted educated men who participated in the mutiny
were sentenced life imprisonment while members of the native
clergy headed by the GOMBURZA were tied and executed by
garrote. This episode leads to the awakening of nationalism and
eventually to the outbreak of Philippine Revolution of 1896.
•

29. Edmund Plauchut’s account
•Confirmedthattheeventhappenedduetodiscontentmentofthearsenal
workersandsoldiersinCavitefort.
•TheeventisjustasimplemutinysinceuptothattimetheFilipinoshave
nointentionofseparationfromSpainbutonlysecurematerialsand
educationadvancementsinthecountry.
•Also,inthistime,thecentralgovernmentdeprivedfriarsofthepowers
ofinvolvementincivilgovernmentandingoverningandhandling
universities.
•ThisresultedinthefriarsafraidthattheirleverageinthePhilippines
wouldbeathinginthepast,tookadvantageofthemutinyandreported
ittotheSpanishgovernmentasabroadconspiracyorganizedthroughout
thearchipelagowiththeobjectofabolishingSpanishsovereignty.

30. •Hetracedtheimmediatecausetoaperemptoryorderfromthe
governor,Izquierdo,exactingpersonaltaxesfromtheFilipinolaborers
intheengineeringandartillerycorpsintheCavitearsenal,and
requiringthemtoperformforcedlaborlikeordinarysubjects.Until
then,theseworkersinthearsenalhadbeenenjoyingexemptionsfrom
bothtaxesandforcedlabor.
•January20,thedayoftherevolt,waspaydayandthelaborersfound
theamountoftaxesaswellasthecorrespondingfeeinlieuofthe
forcedlabordeductedfromtheirpayenvelopes.

31. •Fortyinfantrysoldiersandtwentymenfromtheartillerytook
overcommandoftheFortofSanFelipeandfiredcannonadesto
announcetotheworldtheirmomentoftriumph.
•Theyhadexpectedtobejoinedbytheircomradesinthe7th
infantrycompanyassignedtopatroltheCaviteplaza.however,
whentheybeckonedtothe7thinfantrymenfromtherampartsof
thefortandtheircomradesdidnotmakeanymovetojointhem.
•Instead,thecompanystartedattackingthem.Therebelsdecided
toboltthegatesandwaitformorningwhensupportfromManila
wasexpectedtocome.

32. •Hegaveadispassionateaccountofitanditscausesinanarticle
publishedintheRevuedesDeuxMondesin1877.
•Hetracedthattheprimarycauseofthemutinyisbelievedto"be
anorderfromGovernor-GeneralCarlostosubjectthesoldiersof
theEngineeringandArtilleryCorpstopersonaltaxes,fromwhich
theywerepreviouslyexempt.
•Thetaxesrequiredthemtopayamonetarysumaswellasto
performforcedlaborcalled,poloyservicio.
•ThemutinywassparkedonJanuary20,1872whenthelaborers
receivedtheirpayandrealizedthetaxesaswellasthefalla,the
fineonepaidtobeexemptfromforcedlabor,hadbeendeducted
fromtheirsalaries.

33. Different accounts in the Cavite mutiny also
highlighted other probable causes of the "revolution"
•SpanishRevolutionwhichoverthrewthesecularthrone,dirty
propagandasproliferatedbyunrestrainedpress,democratic,
liberalandrepublicanbooksandpamphletsreachingthe
Philippines,
•mostimportantly,thepresenceofthenativeclergywhooutof
animosityagainsttheSpanishfriars,"conspiredandsupported"the
rebelsandenemiesofSpain.
•Inaddition,accountsofthemutinysuggestthattheSpanish
RevolutioninSpainduringthattimeaddedmoredeterminationto
thenativestooverthrowthecurrentcolonialSpanishgovernment.

34. Considering the four accounts of
the 1872 Mutiny,
there were some basic facts that
remained to be unvarying:
UNRAVELING THE TRUTH

35. First,
“there was dissatisfaction among the
workers of the arsenal as well as the
members of the native army after their
privileges were drawn back by Gen.
Izquierdo;”

36. Second,
“Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and
strict policies that made the Filipinos
move and turn away from Spanish
government out of disgust;”

37. Third,
“the Central Government failed to
conduct an investigation on what truly
transpired but relied on reports of
Izquierdo and the friars and the opinion
of the public;”

38. “the happy days of the friars were already
numbered in 1872 when the Central
Government in Spain decided to deprive
them of the power to intervene in
government affairs as well as in the direction
and management of schools prompting them
to commit frantic moves to extend their stay
and power;”
Fourth,

39. Fifth,
“the Filipino clergy members actively
participated in the secularization movement
in order to allow Filipino priests to take hold
of the parishes in the country making them
prey to the rage of the friars;”

40. Sixth,
“Filipinos during the time were
active participants, and responded to
what they deemed as injustices;”
and

41. Lastly,
“the execution of GOMBURZA was a
mistake on the part of the Spanish
government, for the action severed the
ill-feelings of the Filipinos and the event
inspired Filipino patriots to call for
reforms and eventually independence.”

42. Point for Analysis:
1. Based on the accounts:
Jose Montero y Vidal and Dr. Trinidad HermenigildoPardo deTavera?
Why do you think they have these opposing and conflicting
perspectives? Who do you think is more reliable ? Why? Defend your answer.
2. As a 21st century learner, what is your stand in this 1872 Cavite mutiny?
correlate this issue with the contemporary times.
3. In this time of Pandemic, identify issues with conflicting perspectives.
Why do you think people often resulted in these conflicts and what is your
suggestion to mitigate if not eradicate these conflicts in peoples' views and
perspectives?