Philippine-History.pptx Philippine History Preboard Exam

PREBOARD

1. Philippine Geography & History

2. Imaginary Lines Latitudes Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Cancer Equator Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Longitudes Prime Meridian International Date Line (IDL) Grids Basics in Geography Cardinal Directions – N,S,E,W Intermediate Directions – NE,NW,SE,SW Types of Map Projection Mercator Projection – provide an accurate picture of shape and direction; often use in ship navigation Robinsons Projection – relative sizes more accurately; useful for making comparisons between places on earth

3. 5 Themes of Geography .

4. Location Where are we? Absolute Location A latitude and longitude (global location) or a street address (local location). Paris France is 48 o North Latitude and 2 o East Longitude. The White House is located at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave. Relative Location Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. From one place to another. Go 1 mile west on main street and turn left for 1 block. You are Here

5. Place What is it like there, what kind of place is it? Human Characteristics What are the main languages, customs, and beliefs. How many people live, work, and visit a place. Physical Characteristics Landforms (mountains, rivers, etc.), climate, vegetation, wildlife, soil, etc.

6. Human-Environment Interaction How do humans and the environment affect each other? We depend on it. People depend on the Iloilo river for transportation . We modify it. People modify our environment by heating and cooling buildings for comfort. We adapt to it. We adapt to the environment by wearing clothing suitable for summer (shorts) and winter (coats), rain and shine.

7. Movement How are people, goods, ideas moved from place to place? Human Movement Trucks, Trains, Planes Information Movement Phones, computer (email), mail Idea Movement How do fads move from place to place? TV, Radio, Magazines

8. Regions How are Regions similar to and different from other places? Formal Regions Regions defined by governmental or administrative boundaries (States, Countries, Cities) Regions defined by similar characteristics (Corn Belt, Rocky Mountain region, Chinatown). Functional Regions Regions defined by a function (newspaper service area, cell phone coverage area). Vernacular Regions (Not in your book) Regions defined by peoples perception (middle east, the south, etc.)

9. Remembering the 5 themes If you can’t remember what they are just ask MR. HELP!!! M – Movement R – Regions HE – Human Environment interaction L – Location P - Place

10. Mt. Apo , Tri-boundaries of Davao City, North Cotabato and Davao del Sur – highest peak Mt. Dulang-dulang , Bukidnon – 2 nd highest Peak Sierra Madre – longest Mountain Range, from Cagayan to Quezon Philippine Deep – deepest depths Luzon – largest Island, Mindanao- 2 nd Largest Island- Most Populated Davao City – largest City, Puerto Princesa City – 2 nd Largest City Pearl of  Lao Tzu – largest Pearl (6.4 kilos) Philippine Geography/ Facts

11. As of 2020, Philippine Population estimated: 109 million, 13 th in the World Quezon City – (Largest City in the Philippines-according to Population) Capital City (July 17, 1948-June 14, 1976 / RA 333) Cebu City – oldest city (San Miguel, Ciudad de Santisimo Nombre de Jesus, City of Most Holy Name of Jesus) Rio Grande de Cagayan/ Cagayan River – largest and longest river Famous Volcanoes/ Mountains: Mt. Mayon - Albay (Region 5) Mt. Hibok-hibok – Camiguin (Region 10)

12. Mt. Canlaon between 2 Negros provinces (Region 6 & 7) Mt. Taal – Batangas (Region 4a) Mt. Banahaw – Quezon province (Region 4a) Mt. Bulusan – Sorsogon (Region 5) Mt. Pinatubo – Zambales (Region 3) Mt. Musuan - Valencia City, Bukidnon (Region 10) Mt. Iriga – Camarines Sur (Region 5) Mt. Iraya – Batanes (Region 2) Mt. Matutum – South Cotabato (Region 12) Mt. Makiling – Laguna (Region 4a) Mt. Arayat – Pampanga (Region 3) 17 Regions BARRM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao CAR – Cordillera Administrative Region 81 Provinces 146 Cities 14, 88 Municipalities 42, 046 Barangays (as of 30 September 2020)

13. Claudius Ptolemy – Maniolas Chinese – Mai-i (Mindoro) – Land of Gold Mintolang (Mindanao) Malilu (Manila) Luzon ( Lusong ) Ruy Lopez de Villalobos – Las Islas Felipinas Ferdinand Magellan – Archipelago of St. Lazarus American Colonization – Philippine Islands Islas de Poniente (Islands of the West) – Europeans Pearl of the Orient Seas – Fr. Juan J. Delgado (1751) Dr. Jose P. Rizal (1892) Philippine Names

14. Biblical Legends (Philippines came from a giant who was carrying a huge rock Science (Claim that it was part of the remnant of Pre-historic Continent called “Mu” or “ Lemuria ”) Volcanic Eruptions Continental Shelf Theory Volcanic Theory Origin of the Philippines

15. Southeast Asia 4°23’ N & 21°25’N Latitudes and 116°E & 127°E Northernmost Island: Y’ami – 240 km from Taiwan Southernmost Island: Saluag Isle – 24 km. from Sabah, Malaysia Total Land Area: 300,780 sq.km. or 0.2% of the world's land mass Bigger than United Kingdom and almost as large as Italy and slightly smaller than Japan 7,107 islands 3 Island Groups : Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao Location, Area and Natural Resources

16. 11 main Islands Luzon Mindanao Samar Negros Palawan Panay Mindoro Leyte Cebu Bohol Masbate PD 1596 s 1978 – declaring the Kalayaan Islands a part of the Philippines – as Municipality under Palawan Climate Tropical and Monsoonal in Character 2 distinct seasons: the dry season (from December to May) and wet season (from June to November) Plant Life: Aurora, marigold, bandera española , cadena de amor , dama de noche , gumamela , kamuning , kalachuchi , jasmin and ilang-ilang

17. Animal Life: Water Buffalo Eastern Sarus Crane or Tipol in Luzon and Labong in Visayas – biggest bird Philippine Monkey Eating Eagle (Philippine Eagle) Kalaw (Rufous hornbill) – clock in the mountain Katala ( red-vented cockatoo ) – can talk like human Palawan Peacock Tamaraw in Mindoro Tarsier in Bohol Mouse deer in Balabac Is. in Palawan Fish and Marine Resources: Rhincodon typus (Whale Shark) Largest Fish Pandaka Pygmaea ( Tabios ) Smallest Fish

18. Minerals Iron-bearing areas: Surigao del Norte and Surigao del Sur/ Angat , Bulacan , Larap , Camarines Norte, Marinduque and Samar Chromite Deposits: Masinloc , Zambales Nickel: Surigao del Norte Coal: Cebu, Polillo Is, Masbate and Mindanao Asbestos: Ilocos Norte and Zambales Asphalt: Leyte Lead and Zinc: Masbate Cement: Cebu, La Union and Rizal Sulphur : Biliran , Camiguin and Mt. Apo Tin and Quicksilver: Palawan Energy Maria Cristina Falls (Hydro-electric) Dams Tiwi Geothermal Power Plant

19. Social Classes: Rich, Middle Class and Lower Class (present time) Filipino Characters: Fatalism ( Bahala na ) Sensitive about their honor and reputation (self-pride) Smooth relations with their relatives, friends and colleagues ( pakikisama ) Lack of Discipline Hiya (Shame) Lack perseverance ( Ningas cogon) Mañana Habit Hospitable Social Environment

20. Liberty-loving people Gratitude ( Utang na loob ) Cooperative ( Bayanihan ) Hard Work Durability and Resiliency Kanya-kanya Regional Traits Ilocanos : are the most adventurous, hardworking, and frugal Tagalog: feel superior to other Filipinos because they live in a region blessed with rich farm lands and navigable rivers and panoramic beauties and their participation in history Bicolanos : are religious, mild-tempered and musical people Bisayans: particularly those from Iloilo are extravagant, carefree and jolly Muslim Filipinos: are fierce and valiant warriors on both land and sea Filipino Women: occupy a high place in Philippine Society

21. Biblical Story – Creation by God Scientific: Human Theory of Migration and Evolution Migration Theory (Dawn Men or Cave Men, Negritos , Indonesians, Malays) Henry Otley Bayer Core Population Theory - Felipe Landa Jocano Robert Fox discovered – Skull Cap of Tabon Cave Man (22,000 BC) Legends and Fairy Tales ( Malakas and Maganda ) Early Ancestors

22. Food and Drinks: Rice, Carabao Meat, Pork, Chickens, sea turtles, fish, bananas and other fruits They cooked their food in earthen pots on in bamboo tubes They ate with their fingers, using banana leaves as plates and coconut shell as drinking cups They made fide through rubbing two pieces of dry wood T uba - wine from coconut Lambanog- wine of Tagalogs Basi- wine of Ilocacos, made from sugarcane/ tubo Tapuy - wine of Igorots , made from rice/ bigas Pangasi - wine of Visayans . Made from rice/ bigas . Malayan Heritage (Pre-Colonial)

23. Mode of Dressing: Men: Kangan - collarless, short-sleeved jacket Bahag - strip of cloth Putong – a piece of cloth wound around the head Kolambigas - gold armlets Women: Baro - wide sleeved jacket Patadyong - skirt Tattoos – to enhance their bodily beauty and to show their war record House: Batalan – where jars of water were kept for household purposes Bahay Kubo

24. Amusements : carabao races, wrestling, fencing, boat races, and stone-throwing contest, banquets to celebrate good harvests Music: Musical Instruments: Kudyapi (Tagalog guitar), Kalaleng , Tinggian (nose flute), the Kulintang (Moro Xylophone), Tultogan (Visayan Bamboo drum), the Silbay (Ilocano reed flute) and Suracan ( Subanum cymbal) Folk Dances: Kumintang (Love Dance), Dandansoy ( Bisayan Tuba Dance), Kinnotan (Ilocano Ant Dance) , Paujalay (Moro wedding Dance), Tadok ( Tinggian love dance) Songs: Tagumpay (Victory Song), Dallu ( Negrito Religious Song), Ayog-ku ( Igorot serenade song), Bactal ( Tagbanua death song), Dallot (Ilocano Ballad Song), Kuilay-kuilay ( Tingian wine song), Tudob ( Agusan harvest Song)

25. Marriage Customs: To marry within their rank Before the marriage – groom gave dowry to the family of bride ( Bigay -kaya ) Early Filipinos Practice Divorce Panghimuyat – a certain amount of money given to the bride to be parents as payment for the mother’s rearing the girl Bigay-suso – a form of payment given to girls wet nurse for feeding the bride during her infancy wit milk of her own breast Himaraw – another sum of money given to girl’s parents as reimbursement for the amount spent in feeding the girl during her infancy

26. Government: Barangay ( Balangay ) composed of 100 families Ruler of Barangay was called Datu / hari or Raja (Executive, Legislative and Judicial Powers vested) Usually obtained his position by inheritance Laws: Oral Laws were the customs ( Ugali ) Umalahokan – announcer of the government to the people Religion: Polytheistic- belief in many gods Animistic Bathala - the supreme God of Ancient Filipinos Idiyanale - God of Agriculture Apolaki / Madarangan - God of War Sidapa - God of the Dead Siginarugan / Agni- God of Fire Lalahon - Goddess of Harvest Ridul - God of Thunder Dal’lang - Goddess of Beauty Balangaw / Barangao – god of rainbow Diyan Masalanta – God of love Sisiburanin – goddess of underworld Anito - the spirits of their descendants Katalonan o Babaylan - the leader of sacrificial ceremony

27. Burial and Mourning Customs Morotal – Woman Maglahi – Man Laraw - Chieftain Superstitions: Asuang , Mangkukulam , Tianak , Tikbalang , Anting-anting, Gayuma Languages: Malayo-Polynesian Languages Writing: Use a sharp pointed iron instrument called Sipol as pen They wrote on banana leaves, tree-barks and bamboo tubes Literature: Sabi – Maxims Bugtong – Riddles Talindaw – Boat Song Tagumpay – Victory Song Uyayi – Hele Ihiman – Wedding song Kumintang – War song Pangalay – Sayaw ng dalawang ikinasal Kinnotan – Ant dance Dadansoy – Courtship ( Visayas ) Epics: Hudhud & Alim – Ifugao Biag ni Lam- ag – Ilocano Handiong – Bicolano Humadapnon and Labaw Dunggon Bantugan , Indrapatra & Sulayman , Bidasari , Parang Sabil – Muslims

28. Education: Bothoan – the name of the school in Panay Island Taught how to read, write, arithmetic, use of weapons and bolos (art of acquiring amulets and talismans) Banakal - stalk of the tree to be use in writing Agurang - the elders of the society who will teach the young Baybayin - ancient Filipino writing Sciences: Used mathematical operations in their business transactions Calendars 12 months a year with 30 days each month Domestic and Foreign Trade China, Japan, Siam, Malacca, India, Sumatra, Java and Borneo Agriculture and Industries Kaingin Method Wooden Plows Recognized the system of public and private ownership of lands

29. Early Relations with India as early as 900 AD Hindus gave us such industries as: Mining quicklime in Masbate Waving cotton cloth making lotus designs making guitars making sampaguita flower leis raising fruits (Mango, Langka and sirisa ) and vegetables ( ampalaya , patola , and malunggay ) Indian, Chinese and Arabian Heritage (Pre-Colonial) In writing- our ancient alphabet came from their Sanskrit writing In Language: The Tagalog language has 375 Sanskrit words, some examples are: Ama Asawa Halaga Maharlika Nanay Mutya Paa Raha sandata

30. Sarong (Skirt) and the putong of the ancient Filipinos were Indian origin. Superstitious beliefs Customs Hanging a garland around the neck of visitor Giving dowry by the groom to the bride’s parents Showering the groom and bride with rice after the wedding ceremony Offering buyo to a visitor as a sign of hospitality Pilgrimage by a childless couple to a holy shrine Early Relations with China as early as 982 AD – Filipinos from Mindoro sailed to Canton, China in an Arab Ship They did business around Lingayen Gulf, Manila Bay, Mindoro and Sulu We learned from Chinese how to make: Gunpowder To mine a gold To work with metal and to make kites In costumes: Gave us early Filipino jackets and loose trousers, slippers, wooden shoes ( bakya ) fans and umbrellas. The use of white clothes for mourning the dead

31. Social Customs: Respect for elders Arranged Marriages And Worship of dead ancestors The use of firecrackers at New Year Tong (fees) Gambling ( Jueteng , cards and mah-jong ) In Language: about 1500 words in Tagalog vocabulary came from Chinese examples: Ate, Bakya , Bantay , Buwisit , Gunting , Kuya , Pinto, susi Early Relations with Arabia (1380) 1380- first Arab visitor Mukdum came to Sulu from Mecca, Saudi Arabia. He spread Islam, the Muslin Religion and built the first Mosque at Simunul , Sulu 1450- Abu Bakr went to Jolo and married the princess of Jolo and founded the Sultanate of Sulu 1475- Shariff Kabunsuan landed in Cotabato and conquered that Valley and built the Sultanate of Maguindanao

32. Sultanate Government Headed by a Sultan (King) Raja (heir) Dayang (Princess) Kali (Judge) Composed of 10-12 barangay/ nayon Panglima - assistant of the Sultan Lakamana - personal sacrificial of Sultan Bintala - administrator of all Pandita (priest of each purok ). Nakib - the commander of the armed forces Makabili - services in the market Maharajah- Purok leader 5 Pillars of Islam Shahada- Allah is the only God and Mohammad is the Phrophet Salat - prayer for 5 times a day Zakat- alms giving Saum - fasting Hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca, once in a life Quran – holy book of Islam Muslim Culture Influences ARABESQUE Architecture in all mosque SARIMANOK designs of Maranaos OKIL of Tausugs Dance: SINGKIL

33. Social Stratification: Nobles (Chiefs & and his Family) Freemen (Middle Class) Timawa Dependents ( Alipin ) 2 Kinds of Alipin / Slaves Aliping Namamahay Aliping Saguiguilid Visayan Dependents Tumataban – work for his master if requested Tumarampok – one day a week Ayuey – 3 days a week Pre-Colonial Society One could go up the social ladder or lose his social status depending on certain circumstances System of Writing Baybayin or syllabary

34. Trade Partners Blood compact called sanduguan was concluded between the contracting parties to seal a treaty of friendship and alliance Orang Dampuans or Men from Champa in Southern Annam – established trading post in Sulu and since then, trade between Sulu and Southern Annam flourished Men of Banjars – Made Sulu became one of the chief trading centers in the region Sri Vijaya – founded by Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanasa , powerful empire arose in the city of Palembang located in Sumatra, Indonesia. Mahayana Tantric Buddhist Kingdom and the greatest maritime empire in Southeast- asia . Made Sulu one of the flourishing trade centers Madjapahit Empire – greatest Javanese empire. Founded by Raden Wijaya (reigned 1293-1309). Under Hayam Wuruk the empire reached its zenith, claiming sovereignty over Indonesia (now). It was a Hindu or Indian in culture.

35. Rise to Power of the Islamic Empire Muslims took control of the major trade routes from the famous Silk Road (Central Asia) Indian Ocean and the Moluccas – Muslims gained the monopoly of all Asian products Only Venetian Merchants are allowed to use the Indian Ocean route Renaissance Period A revival of learning and renewed interest in wordly matters/Religious Matters (1400-1600) New ideas are introduced that change almost entirely all of European society Technological progress began Factors triggered the Age of Exploration

36. The Medieval Travelers Marco Polo from Venice Italy – the most famous European visitor to the Mongol court in China. The Crusades A military expedition to recover Jerusalem and other places of pilgrimage in Palestine Propagation of Catholic Faith Portugal Spain, France, England, and Holland accompanied by merchants and missionaries Pioneers of European Explorations Portugal: Prince Henry the Navigator, 1488- Bartholomew Diaz Cape of Good Hope, 1497-Vasco da Gama in Calicut India, Alfonso de Albuquerque Spain: Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) form Genoa Italy

37. Rivalry in Territorial Claims Pope Alexander VI issued the papal bull Inter Caetera / Treaty of Zaragosa on May 4, 1493 it sought to divide the non-Christian world between Spain and Portugal by drawing a imaginary demarcation line in the Atlantic at 100 leagues west of Azores and the Cape Verde Islands Non Christian ands lying east of demarcation line belonged to Portugal While those in the west to Spain Treaty of Tordesillas (1494): where the demarcation line in the Atlantic was moved farther to the west It was these two treaties that provided a legal basis for Spain to send expeditions to the east by the westward route and pave way for sending the Magellan expedition

38. God, Gold, Glory Ferdinand Magellan (nationality: Portuguese, naturalized Citizen of Spain) September 20, 1519 left San Lucar de Barrameda , Spain With 5 Ships: Trinidad – Ferdinand Magellan Concepcion – Gaspar de Quesada Victoria – Luis Mendoza Santiago – Juan Serrano San Antonio – Juan de Cartagena Spanish Exploration King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel of Spain financed the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan Antonio Pigafetta - the chronicle of Magellan’s Expedition March 16, 1521 – reach Samar and Homonhon Island then to Limasawa and met Raja Kolambu 1 st Blood Compact (Magellan- Kolambu ) 1 st Mass with Father Pedro de Valderrama in Limasawa , Southern Leyte

39. Named Philippines as Archipelago of St. Lazarus They proceed to Cebu with Raja Humabon (1 st Baptized as Carlos and his wife Juana) – Magellan gave the beautiful image of Child Jesus After Cebu they proceed to Mactan – Raja Lapu-lapu Magellan died in the battle with Rajah Lapu-lapu Juan Serrano took over the leadership of Ferdinand Magellan Later Sebastian El Cano took the leadership and bring Victoria back to Spain Victoria only return to Spain with Sebastian Del Cano Trinidad trapped at Moluccas Island of Portugal Results of Magellan’s Voyage It was the first voyage around the world by sea It proved that the earth is not flat It added to the knowledge about geography It made Spain interesting in colonizing the Philippines

40. Next Expeditions after Ferdinand Magellan Juan Garcia Joffre de Loaysa (1525) reached Surigao Bay. Its leaders died along way Sebastian Cabot (1526) – reached only as far as South America. Alvaro de Saavedra (1542) – reached Mindanao and attempted to go to Cebu. Failed to find the survivors of Loaysa Expedition. Leader died on its way back to Spain Ruy Lopez de Villalobos- reached Mindanao and the coast of Tandaya.He named Philippines as Las Islas Felipinas

41. Miguel Lopez de Legaspi (1565) - Voyaged through Viceroy Luis de Velasco of New Spain (Mexico) Reached Homonhon Island and Limasawa and met Datu Banka Blood compact with Datu Sikatuna and Sigala in Bohol He proceed to Cebu with Raja Tupas He named it the Most Holy Name of Jesus / Villa de San Miguel Due to food shortage he proceeded to Panay Islands and to Manila Juan de Salcedo – expedition to the North ( Ilocos ) Marti de Goite – conquered Manila defended by Raja Sulayman at the Battle of Bankusay Manila declared as the Capital of Spanish Philippines “The Distinguished and Ever Loyal City”

42. 2 Branches of Government Executive and Judicial Headed by the Governor-General is the official representative of King of Spain to the Philippines He has the power to Execute, Legislate laws and Judge (Judiciary) He execute all laws and royal decrees issued by King Can appoint, remove officials except those appointed by the King He can appoint a friar curate Spanish Philippines - Government Can resolve the issues between the government authority and religion Cumplase - the power of Governor General to approved or not to apply a certain decree issued by the King of Spain Can be the President of Royal Audiencia There is no Legislative Branch in the Philippines All laws came from Spain

43. Mexican Viceroy Until 1821, the Philippines really was under the Spanish Viceroy in Mexico in the name of the King This was because the Philippines was colonized from Mexico, the Spanish Colony in Americas Council of Indies Was mandated by the king to appoint the head of colonial government Mexican Viceroy & Council of Indies

44. First president – Governor General Santiago de Vera. Oidores - chief ministers Duties: 1. Judicial – tried the cases from the lower courts 2. Executive – can be able to be the Governor General if there is vacancy in the seat of Governor General 3. Legislative- can make laws which under the agreement with the Governor General Will audit the over-all spending of the Government Royal Audiencia (1583)

45. Residencia was an investigation of an official conducted at the end of his term Officials found guilty of public misconduct were penalized either with imposition of heavy fines, sequestration of property, imprisonment or dismissal form office Visitador / Visita Was conducted without any previous notice Very rarely done, the visitador general was sent to the colony with the power to investigate the governor and other high officials Residencia and Visitador

46. Provincial Level Alcaldias (Province) headed by Alcalde Mayor Alcalde Mayor - Salary of Php 300.00/ month Duties: They represented the Spanish king and the Governor-General They managed the day-to-day operations of the provincial government Implemented laws and supervised the collection of taxes Local Government Though they were paid a small salary, they enjoyed privileges such as the Indulto de Comercio or the right to participate in the galleon trade . Reduccion - One of the major processes of pacification through conversion. It was the system of gathering the converts into a cabecera. Bajo de Campana Unpacified area Corregimientos headed by Corregidores ( Mariveles , Mindoro and Panay)

47. Towns / Municipalities Pueblos (Municipalities) headed by Gobernadorcillos or Little Governor MAIN DUTIES : Efficient governance and taxcollection . Four lieutenants aided the Gobernardorcillo : Teniente Mayor (chief lieutenant), Teniente de Policia (police lieutenant), Teniente de Sementeras (lieutenant of the fields) Teniente de Ganados (lieutenant of the livestock) They had small salaries but were exempted from paying taxes qualifications Any native or Chinese meztizo 25 years old; literate in oral or written Spanish Cabeza de Barangay for 4 years Barrio/ Barangay - Barangays headed by Cabezas de Barangay (Tax Collector for Gobernadorcillos ) - Responsible for the peace and order of the barrio - Recruited men for public works - QUALIFICATIONS: Cabezas should be literate in Spanish Have good moral character and property Cabezas who served for 25 years

48. The positions of Gobernadorcillos and Cabeza de Barangay were given to the Filipinos particularly the former Datus City Ayuntamiento or Cabildo headed by the Alcalde Cebu, Manila, Nueva Segovia (Cagayan), Villa Fernandina ( Vigan ), Nueva Caceres ( Camarines Sur), Ilo-ilo , Jaro , Arevalo ( Ilo-ilo ) It became the center of trade and industry The Ayuntamiento had a city council called the CABILDO Cabildo is composed of: Alcalde (MAYOR) Regidores (COUNCILORS) Alguacil Mayor (POLICE CHIEF) Escribando (SECRETARY)

49. King of Spain Spanish Viceroy in Mexico Ayuntamiento (City) Alcalde Spanish Archbishop Alcaldia (Provincial) Alcaldes -Mayor Royal Audiencia Parish Priests Spanish Governor General in Manila Bishops Barangay ( Cabezas de Barangay ) Pueblos (Towns/Municipalities) Gobernadorcillos Council of Indies Corregimientos ( Unpacified area) Corregidores

50. Tax Collector Preacher Confessor Registrar of deeds, births, marriages and deaths Election Inspector Law Enforcer Union of Church and State Archbishops became a acting Governor-General in times of vacancy Archbishops – the highest leader of Church in the Philippines Bishops – Second highest leader of the Church Propagation of Catholic Faith: Augustinians, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, and Recollects Powers of the Parish Priest Philippine Territory 333 years under Spain Territory includes: The island archipelagoes of Guam, Marianas, the Carolines and the Palaus in the South Pacific were included in Philippine territory Most of Mindanao and Sulu were excluded Interior mountain regions of Luzon and Visayas were also excluded

51. Catholicism – Spain’s Greatest Legacy 1578- 1 st Hospital was founded in Manila – San Juan de Dios and the San Lazaro Hospital Spain introduced new food plants like: Corn Potatoes Coffee Cacao Cabbage Sigarillas Chicos Guavas Spanish Heritage Wheat Beef Mutton (from lamb) Sausages Ham Sardines Spoons, forks, table knives, napkins, crystal drinking glasses Drinks: Beer, Cognac, Port, Sangria Clothing: Western Coat, Americana, Saya , Camisa

52. Filipino Women in Spanish Time: Respected and honored by men They attended dances and other social events Young women were kept in the home or school “ colegios ” A New Calendar: Western Calendar Gov. General Claveria corrected the Philippine Calendar on August 16, 1844 he ordered that Tuesday, December 31, 1844 would be Wednesday, January 1, 1845 Spanish Names for Filipinos: Gov. General Claveria , ordered all Filipino families to choose a surname from a catalog sent to all provinces in the country – November 21, 1849 – ( Catalogo Alfabetico de Apellidos ) Spanish Language: Mesa, Silla , Oras , Campana , etc.

53. Western Education under Spain: Elementary, Secondary and College Religion is the main focused education Subject were taught in Elementary: reading, writing, arithmetic, catechisms and good moral/ values School for Boys: Colegio de San Ignacio became the Ateneo Municipal, Colegio de San Ildefonso, Cebu (1595) and Colegio-Seminario de San Jose in Maynila (1601) School for Girls: Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1594)- 1 st School for Girls, Beaterio de la Compana de Jesus (1694), Colegio de Sta. Catalina (1696), Colegio de Sta. Rosa (1750), Colegio dela Concordia at Convento dela Asuncion, Colegio de Sta. Isabel- oldest school for Girls in present

54. Subject were taught: Music, Cooking, Sewing, Painting, Embroidery, Doctrina Cristiana, Spanish Language, History and Mathematics Printing, Books and Newspapers: Doctrina Cristiana – first published Book in the Philippines Del Superior Govierno – first newspaper (Published by Gov. Gen. Manuel Gonzales de Aguilar Literature: Urbana at Felisa by Father Modesto de Castro. Poetry and Plays - Jose dela Cruz or Huseng Sisiw and Francisco Baltazar Awit (Heroic Poems), Corridos (Religious-legendary poems) Don Juan Tenorio, Ibong Adarna and Bernardo Carpio Florante at Laura – Balagtas ( Balagtasan ) El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere

55. Theatre: Western Style plays performed on stage by live actors Cenaculo - this is a dramatic performance to commemorate the passion and death of Jesus Christ Panunuluyan – this is presented before 12:00 on Christmas Eve. This is a presentation of the search of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph for an inn wherein to deliver the baby Jesus. Salubong (or Panubong ) - The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. It is still presented in many Philippine towns. The Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political problem Moro- moro - is presented also on a special stage. This is performed during town fiestas to entertain the people and to remind them of their Christian religion.

56. Music: Cariñosa , Surido , Pandanggo , Jota Houses and Villages: Central Plaza Bahay na bato Patio and Azotea Arts: Damian Domingo- father of Filipino Painters Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion – won international fame with their paintings in National Exposition in Madrid in 1883 Spolarium of Juan Luna Romanesque & Gothic Doric, Ionian, Corinthian, Graeco -Roman, Byzantine, and Baroque Science: Manila Observatory- Federico Faura Anacleto V. del Rosario became the first Filipino director of Manila Laboratory in 1888 – Prince of Filipino Chemists Fiestas and Amusements: Cockfighting Manila Lottery Character Traits Influenced by Spaniards: Christian Devotion Delicadeza (Honor) Palabra de Honor (good manners) Romanticism Mañana Habit Sentimentalism Siesta Señorito Habit Aristocracy

57. Social Classes Principalia – made up of the kinship of the ancient datus , nobility, encomenderos , teachers and other professionals and local officials Masses – ordinary citizens Middle Class or the Ilustrado Peninsulares – Pure Spanish blood born in Spain Insulares – Pure Spanish Blood born in the Philippines Illustrados – Filipinos studies Abroad Chinese Mestizos – mixed races of Chinese, Filipino and Spanish Indios – the native Filipinos Social Stratification

58. Encomienda : was the money from the tribute upon certain conquered territory It was given by the King to a Spanish conquistador as reward for his services 1591 there were 267 encomiendas in the Philippines Due to abuses, it was abolished in 16 th Century Tribute: Was the residence tax Each family paid one peso per year A single person paid one-half peso Can be paid in Cash or in good It was replaced in 1884 by Cedula Tax Economic Life Under Spain Polo or Force Labor: All male Filipinos from 16 to 60 years old were forced to work for the government At first, it lasted for 40 days and reduced to 15 days in 1884 Polistas of (force laborers) Build schools, roads and bridges Filipino Men can buy their Force Labor paying called Falla Bandala : An indirect tax imposed on the Filipino farmers who were required to sell their products to the government

59. Sanctorium A tax of three reales was collected by the government but turned over to the Church Galleon Trade and Subsidy from Mexico Manila-Acapulco Trade It ended in 1815 Real Subsidy (real situado ) Php 250,000.00 Introduction of New Plants and Animals Corn, coffee, cacao, beans, achuete , maguey, peanuts, chico and papaya Sheep, carabaos , ducks, geese and better breeds of chickens and roosters Introduction of New Industries Cattle-ranching, making of candles and soap, sugar, tobacco Economic Society and the Royal Company Sent the first shipment of indigo (dye) to Europe Imported new seeds and machinery from the United States to help farmers King Charles III founded the Royal Company of the Philippines Rise of Banks Obras Pias (Good Works System) First Bank was founded by Francisco Rodriguez Oldest existing bank in the Philippines is the Bank of the Philippine Islands

60. Tobacco Monopoly Founded by Governor General Jose Basco y Vargas in 1782. Cagayan, Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra , Nueva Ecija , and Marinduque It was abolished by Governor General Primo de Rivera Opening of the Philippine Ports to the World Opening of the other Philippine Ports: Sual , Ilo-ilo , Cebu and Zamboanga -

61. Causes: Heavy Taxes imposed, force labor, illegal land possession, monopoly, religious freedom, oppression and exploitation of the foreigners Tondo Conspiracy (1687-1588) – Objective: To regain freedom from Spain lead by Magat Salamat , Agustin de Legaspi , Juan Banal, Pedro Balingit Revolt of Magalat (1595) – Objective: Disillusionment with Spanish rule and Opposition of Tribute ( Tuguegarao , Cagayan) Ladia Conspiracy (1543) – Objective: Restoration of Barangaic Political Set-up lead by Pedro Ladia Revolt of Maniago (1660-1661) – Objective: To free and Independent from Spain and Force Labor (Pampanga) – Francisco Maniago / Cavite Filipino Revolts

62. 5. Revolt of Malong (1660-1661) – Causes: Spanish Oppressive impositions, Force Labor (Andres Malong ) - Pangasinan 6. Revolt of Bancao (1622) - Disillusionment with Spanish rule / Religious (Leyte) 7. Revolt of Sumuroy (1649-1650) –Defiance of the order given by Gov. General Fajardo (Agustin Sumuroy ) - Cavite 8. Silang Revolt – ( Ilocos ) Force Labor, Expulsion of Spaniards and Spanish Mestizos – lead by Diego and Gabriela Silang 9. Palaris Revolt (1762-1764) – lead by Juan Dela Cruz Palaris , end the payment of tributes ( Pangasinan ) 10. Igorot Revolt (1601) – Opposition to the attempts of the Spaniards to convert them to Christianity 11. Gaddang Revolt (1621) – Revolted against Encomenderos and government officials

63. 12. Tamblot Revolt (1621-1622) – Religious motive (Bohol) 13. Dagohoy Revolt (1744-1829) – Francisco Dagohoy – refusal of Father Gaspar Morales friar curate of the town of Bohol to give Christian burial to the brother of Francisco Dagohoy 14. Tapar Revolt (1663) – Modification of Christianity 15. Basi Revolt (1807) – government imposition of the monopoly on wine ( basi ) 16. Cavite Revolt (1822) – Injustices committed by the rich landowners against the helpless farmers – Luis de los Santos and Juan Silvestre 17. Hermano Pule Revolt (1832-1841) – Religious causes “ Confradia de San Jose ( Tayabas , Quezon)

64. Causes of Nationalism New idea from abroad about the freedom and the rights of men Opening of Suez Canal Race prejudice against Filipino priests The Spanish Revolution of 1868 Martyrdom of Gom -Bur- Za Propaganda Movements La Solidaridad – founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena and 1 st Editor (1889) and purchased by Marcelo H. Del Pilar La Liga Filipina – founded by Jose P. Rizal ( Noli Me Tangere / Touch Me Not and El Filibusterismo / The Reign of Greed) Propaganda Movement and Katipunan

65. Kataastaasan Kagalang-galangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) founded by Andres Bonifacio on July 7, 1892 at Azcarrga St. (Claro M. Recto Avenue, Tondo , Manila) Unite the Filipinos into one solid nation To fight for Philippine Independence Civic. Moral and Political Structure: Supreme Council (Central Government) Provincial Council Popular Council Judicial Council Members: 1 st Grade ( Katipon ) – Anak ng Bayan 2 nd Grade ( Kawal ) - Gom -Bur- Za 3 rd Grade ( Bayani ) – Rizal

66. Literature of Katipunan : Decalogue of KKK (A. Bonifacio ) Pag-ibig sa Tinubuan Lupa (A. Bonifacio ) Kartilla (E. Jacinto) Kalayaan (E. Jacinto) Official Newspaper of KKK A la Patria (E. Jacinto) Discovery of Katipunan Teodoro Patiño told his sister Honoria about the plot Honoria told to a Visayan Nun everything Visayan Nun told everything to Father Mariano Gil

67. Cry of Pugadlawin - August 26, 1896 Causes of the Revolution Abuses of Spanish Officials and priests Persecution of Filipino leaders who defended the rights of their fellow countrymen Filipinos desire to regain their freedom Discovery of KKK First Battle took place at San Juan del Monte on Sunday August 30, 1896 Governor General Ramon Blanco declared a state of war in 8 provinces: Pampanga, Laguna, Batangas , Bulacan , Cavite, Tarlac , Manila and Nueva Ecija Philippine Revolution

68. Rivalry between Aguinaldo and Bonifacio Magdiwangs ( Bonifacio ) and Magdalos (Aguinaldo) Tejeros Assembly: March 22, 1897 – wanted to settle controversy between two factions. They elect officials representing the Revolutionary Government of the Philippines Emilio Aguinaldo elected as President Andres Bonifacio Elected as Interior Secretary But Daniel Tirona protested on Bonifacio’s elections Bonifacio declared the election is null and void Death of Bonifacio : Gen. Aguinaldo ordered to imprison Andres Bonifacio and his brothers The Revolutionary Government tried Bonifacio and his brother Procopio and sentenced to die But President Aguinaldo reduced it to life imprisonment. But he was pressured to cancel that order and to execute Bonifacio May 10, 1897 Andres and Procopio were shot by Aguinaldo’s soldiers under the command of Major Lazaro Makapagal at Mt. Buntis , Maragondon

69. Biak- na - Bato Republic San Miguel, Bulacan Made a Constitution copied the Cuban Constitution ( Isabelo Artacho and Felix Ferrer ) Pact of Biak- na - Bato ( Gov.Gen . Primo de Rivera and Pedro Paterno of the Philippine Government) Exile of E. Aguinaldo Spain pay an amount of Php 800,000 to be given in three installments- Php 400,000-upon the departure of Aguinaldo, Php 200,000 – the surrender of arms and Php 200,000 amnesty to the rebels Additional Php 900,000 would be given to Civilian Filipinos affected by the revolution No Peace after Biak- na - Bato Truce

70. Why America come to the Philippines The Spanish-American War American Bases The Policy of Manifest Destiny The Filipino Invitation The Battle of Manila Bay –Americans won over Spanish Navy (May 01, 1898) lead by Admiral Patricio Montojo of Spain and Admiral George Dewey of USA The Return of Aguinaldo –aboard the USS McCullough Dewey’s dispatch ship, he arrived in Cavite on May 19, 1898. The Coming of America

71. Dictatorial Government was declared by Emilio Aguinaldo lasted from May 24, 1898. Declaration of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898 ay Kawit , Cavite Rianzares Bautista read the Declaration of the Philippine Independence The Philippine Flag also displayed and the Philippine National Anthem was played Second Revolutionary Government June 23, 1898 Mabini issued a decree of June 23 for the creation of Congress to draft the Philippine Constitution Reorganization of the Government in Provinces

72. Surrender of Spain Governor General Fermin Jaudenes and Wesley Meritt agreed for a Mock Battle and Spain paid by USA of Php 20 Million US Dollar in Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898 Women of the Revolution Melchora Aquino/ Tandang Sora – Grand old Woman of Balintawak , Mother of Katipunan Gregoria Montoya – Joan of Arc of Cavite Agueda Kahabagan – Joan of Arc of Santa Cruz, Laguna Teresa Magbanua – Joan of Arc of Visayas Trinidad Tecson – Mother of the Biak- na - Bato Nazaria Lagos – Florence Nightingale of Panay Patronicia Gamboa – Heroine of Jaro , Ilo-ilo Marcella Agoncillo – sewed the Philippine National Flag

73. Periodicals of Revolution El Heraldo dela Revolution Indice Official / Gaceta DE Filipinas La Independencia – Antonio Luna La Republica Filipina – Pedro Paterno La Libertad – Jose Zulueta Ang Kaibigan nang Bayan El Nuevo Dia – Sergio Osmeña El Pueblo – Vicente Sotto

74. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – 1 st Governor General of the Philippines Guido de Lavesares – 2 nd Governor General of the Philippines Archbishop Francisco dela Cuesta – 1 st Archbishop- Gov. General Cristobal Fellez de Almanza – 1 st Royal Audiencia – Gov. General Archbishop Manuel Rojo – Gov. General during the British Colonization Narciso Claveria – Surnames of the Filipinos Jose Basco Vargas – Tobacco Monopoly Jose Lemery e Ibarrola Ney Gonzales – birth of Jose P. Rizal Spanish Governor Generals of the Philippines Carlos Maria Dela Torre – Introduced the Liberalism in the Philippines Fernando Primo de Rivera – signed the Biak- na - Bato Pact Emilio y Terrero – read the Noli Me Tangere open minded Eulogio Despujol – He ordered the exile of Jose P. Rizal Ramon Blanco – declared the Matial Law in 8 Provinces Camilo de Polavieja – ordered the death sentence of Rizal Diego delos Rios - Last Governor General

75. Malolos Congress September 15, 1898 President of Malolos Congress Pedro Paterno Malolos Constitution by Felipe G. Calderon Approved by Congress on November 29, 1898 First Philippine Republic January 23, 1899 inauguration of the First Philippine Republic Emilio Aguinaldo as First Philippine President Filipino American War Private Robert W. Grayson of First Nebraska Volunteers shot and killed a Filipino Soldier at San Juan Bridge First American War on Asian soil By winning this was, the US became a world power The First Philippine Republic and Filipino-American War

76. February 05, 1899- American navy bombarded the Filipino positions in Manila Filipinos lost ground to the superior forces of US- retreated to provinces March 31, 1899 – Malolos captured by Americans, Aguinaldo fled to Pampanga, Nueva Ecija and to Northern Luzon In Negros: Generals Aniceto Lacson and Juan Araneta organized the Republic of Negros – American Government toppled it In Battle of San Mateo Rizal: December 19, 1899 – General Henry C. Lawton killed by Filipino troops (General Licerio Geronimo) Aguinaldo ordered the Filipinos to fight a guerilla warfare, Filipino forces were divided into small groups Capture of Aguinaldo: Palanan , Isabela by General Frederick Funston on March 23, 1901 and Aguinaldo was taken to Manila and took his oath of allegiance to the US on April 16, 1902 Miguel Malvar fought on Batangas until April 16, 1902 Macario Sakay – try to establish Republic of Southern Tagalog Simeon Ola of Albay Province gave up on September 25, 1903

77. Antonio Luna – Luzon Tomas Mascarado , Maximo Hizon ans Sevillano Aquino in Central Luzon Miguel Malvar in Batangas Juan Cailles in Laguna Mariano Trias in Cavite Paciano Rizal, Pantaleon Garcia and Artemio Ricarte in Luzon Vito Belarmino and Jose Paua in Bicol Martin Delgado, Teresa and the Magbanua brothers ( Pascual and Elias) in Ilo-ilo Vicente Lucban in Samar Simeon Ola in Albay Gregorio del Pilar - Tirad Pass Filipino General of the War

78. Era: The only President of the First Republic Constitution: 1899 Malolos Constitution Inauguration:  January 23, 1899, Barasoain Church, Malolos , Bulacan (aged 29) Vice President: None Prime Minister: Apolinario Mabini (January 21-May 7, 1899); Pedro Paterno (May 7-November 13, 1899) Chief Justice: None Senate President: None Speaker of the House: None Emilio Famy Aguinaldo First Philippine Republic (1898-1901)

79. first president youngest president – he became the country’s leader at age 28 longest-lived president – he died when he was 94 one of the active leaders of KKK signed the Pact of Biak na Bato known as the President of the Revolutionary Government he fought against the Spanish and American to retain our independence Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

80. Philippine Territory in American Times: The island archipelagos of Marianas, Carolines and Palaus in the South Pacific no longer part of the Philippines Mindanao and Sulu became part of the Philippines (through the Bates Treaty) Interior Mountain region of Luzon were also included American Policies: The Americans said they would ho as soon as the Filipinos could stand on their own as a free nation Americans were kinder and more generous than other colonial powers Filipinos adopted American ways very well (Brown Americans) Philippines as an American Colony

81. American Colonial Government: Military Government (August 14, 1898 – July 04, 1901) Gen. Wesley Merrit , Gen. Elwell Otis and Gen. Arthur MacArthur Civil Government (July 04, 1901 – August 1902) The Philippine Commissions Schurman Commission (1899) (Dr. Jacob Schurman ) Taft Commission (1890-1916) – William Howard Taft – organized the Civil Government in the Philippines Spooner Act – Establishment of Civil Government in the Philippines American Governor-General: (1901-1935) July 04, 1901 the civil government was inaugurated and William Howard Taft became the first American Governor-General and Frank Murphy the last The Americans shared power with the Filipinos unlike Spanish The Americans train our people in democracy and self-rule At first Filipinos are only appointed to local government as the war ended Filipinos can participate and were elected in free elections 1901- Cayetano Arellano was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 1903- Gregorio Araneta became the first Cabinet Secretary

82. Philippine Organic Act of 1902 or Cooper Law on July 01, 1902 – was passed to create the Philippine Assembly Philippine Assembly: July 30, 1907 the first free national elections were held Philippine Assembly was inaugurated in Manila Grand Opera House on October 16, 1907 and Sergio Osmeña was elected as Speaker First all-Filipino lawmaking body during the American era Helped the Philippine Commission making laws for the colony Philippine Commission acted like the upper house and assembly acted as lower house Philippine Legislature: Inaugurated at Manila on October 16, 1616 2 Houses; the House of Representative and Senate Manuel L. Quezon Elected as Senate President Sergio Osmeña elected as House Speaker

83. Kiram -Bates Treaty – sovereignty of US over the whole archipelago of Sulu and its dependences is acknowledge Payne-Aldrich Act (1909) –partial free trade of US and Philippines Underwood Simons Tariff Law – allowing an open trade between the Philippines and Us (October 13, 1913) Reconcentration Act – provided for the zoning of inhabitants of a town known to have thieves/ outlaws Sedition Law (1901) – provided that Filipino advocating independence or separation from US would be punished severely by death or imprisonment Brigandage Act – proving for severe penalty those who steal carabao Gabaldon Act/ Law – Establishment of Barrio schools ( Isauro Gabaldon ) Significant Laws acted under America

84. Municipal Code Act Municipal President Vice President Council Qualified voters – were males, 23 years old Provincial Code Act Governor Treasurer Supervisor Civil Service Act To enter in government it must be take the examinations Introduction of merit system Filipinization of the Philippine Government by FB Harrison –replacing American Officials and employees with Filipinos

85. New Land Policy Friar lands were resold to Filipino farmers Taft colonial administration bought these friar lands and resold to the Filipino farmers Homestead Act in 1924 allowed any Filipino to own up to 24 hectares of public land All lands had to be registered and their owners got Torrens titles Agricultural Increase 1902 the Bureau of Agriculture became the first government agency in the new American Colony 1903 the American Congress sent a $3 million emergency fund to support rice and carabaos from other Asian countries Modern farm tools from US were introduced Free Trade with America Philippine products, copra, sugar, cigars hemp, etc. were sold to the Americans American products, cars, radios, appliances, cigarrettes , etc were bought by the Filipinos Economic Progress under America

86. New Industries Manila and other cities and towns sprang up hundreds of factories to make coconut oil, cigars and cigarettes, sugar rope and textiles Mining and fishing became big industries Household cottage industries also boomed Developed the coconut and hemp industries Tobacco were also developed Improvement of Transportation and Communications Automobile, electric street car, airplane, telephone, wireless telegraph, radio and movie were introduced American developed our railroads in Luzon, Cebu and Panay Pier 7 in Manila became the largest port in Asia Manila became the center of air travel in Asia The Kennon Road opened Baguio and the Mountain Province to travel New Banks 1906 Postal Saving Bank was opened Philippine National Bank established in 1906

87. Economic Problems We sold our raw materials cheap and bought expensive manufactured goods from America Colonial Mentality became worse Labor and peasant unrest spread in the 1920’s and 1930’s The world depression hit the poor masses worst of all American capitalists and businessmen controlled the new companies Significant American Administrators Wesley Merritt – 1 st American Military Governor Arthur MacArthur – last American Military Governor William Howard Taft – 1 st American Civil Governor Frank Murphy – Last American Civil Governor/ 1 ST High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt - last High Commissioner

88. Religious Freedom Filipinos became free to choose their own religion American Influences: Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalian, Pentecostals, etc. Filipinized Catholicism: Isabelo delos Reyes and Gregorio Aglipay – Philippine Independent Church ( Alipayananism ) Felix Manalo of Iglesia ni Cristo (1914) Free Education All children could study in schools The brightest children from poor families could go as far as university First American Teachers are soldiers 1901, the first batch of professional teachers came from the US onboard the US Army Ship Thomas - Thomasites Better Health Filipinos enjoyed better health and hygiene Death rate fell/ Americans introduced the use of the flush toilet Our American Heritage

89. English Language Filipinos learned the English Language English became the official language of the government and business Filipinos adopted the names like John, Bobby, Mary, Lily, Rosie, Mark New Filipino writers mastered the English Language: Carlos P. Romulo – won the Pulitzer Prize for Journalism 1942 Free Press 1930’s the Philippines had fastest press in Asia Filipino journalists championed independence and reported freely about the government Manuel L. Quezon founded The Philippine Herald (1920) Ramon Roces founded the “The Graphic” Sergio Osmeña – Nuevo Diaz in Cebu (1900) Rafael Palma and Teodoro Kalaw – El Renacimiento Alejandro Roces , Sr. - La Vanguardia Diet and Dress Cornflakes, oat meal, ham, egg sandwiches, hamburgers, hot dogs, pan americano , tomato catsup, mayonnaise, beefsteak, apple pie, ice cream and chewing gum Men worn trousers with belt and suspenders, polo shirts and tennis shoes Women dressed in fancy hats, shirt and blouse, high heeled shoes, silk stockings and make-up

90. Democratic Family and Social Classes Old customs of addressing elders with “ po ”, “ opo ”, “ate”, “ kuya ” or kissing the hands of parents and elders ( mano po ) – were gone Uses “hi” in greetings Filipinos celebrating holidays like 4 th of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, Halloween, and Valentines Day Women’s Rights Women enjoyed greater rights (September 17, 1937) They were free to work in an office, study with men in co-ed schools and date without chaperones First Asian women vote and hold public office were the Filipinas in 1937 Recreations Basketball, baseball, football, volleyball, calisthenics, boxing, billiards, poker, bowling, tennis and badminton Movies and Entertainment First Movie house Cine Rizal (1903) at Tondo , Manila Cine Ideal ( Roces brothers) in 1903 First local film “La Vida de Dr. Rizal” by Edward Meyer Gross Zarzuela and Mor-moro replaced by Vodavil / vaudeville

91. Music and Dance American Jazz Boogie-woogie Fox trot Houses Small apartments New bungalows, chalets, two story concrete houses and earthquake proof building were built Arts Guillermo Tolentino Freedom Theater and Literature Tagalog zarzuelas became popular like Tanikalang Ginto of Juan Abad and Kahapon , Ngayon at Bukas by Aurelio Tolentino “Bayan ko ” also popular Amado V. Hernandez Lope K. Santos Banaag at Sikat (1935)

92. Peasant Revolts and the Communist Party There were peasant revolt in Nueva Ecija , Ili- ilo , Negro Occidental, Pangasinan , Laguna and Bulacan Sakdalista lead by Benigno Ramos – May 02, 1935 All revolt failed The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) was founded in Manila by Crisanto Evangelista on August 26, 1930 Political Campaign for Independence Jones Law (1916) granted independence as soon as a stable government be establish therein With 3 branches of Government, Bill of Rights and Council of State (Wilson Admin) 1932 American Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law (HHC) It was the first Philippine Independence Law passed by the United States (thru the initiative of Os-Rox Mission) It was now approved by the Philippine Legislature It was rejected by Philippine Legislature on October 17, 1933 The Commonwealth of the Philippines

93. Tydings -McDuffie Law (1934) signed by FD Roosevelt with revision from Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law Retention naval reservation and fueling stations Drafting a new constitution The 1935 Philippine Constitution July 10, 1934 202 delegates were elected to a constitutional convention Claro M. Recto as the President of the Convention February 8, 1935 the new constitution was approved by the majority of the delegates March 23, 1935 Pres. FD Roosevelt signed the Philippine Constitution May 4, 1935 Filipino people ratified the constitution The Commonwealth of the Philippines A semi-independent (autonomous) government of Filipinos under American Colony September 17, 1935 first national election under Commonwealth Government Manuel L. Quezon, Emilio Aguinaldo and Bishop Gregorio Aglipay run for the presidency Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña elected as President and Vice-President respectively

94. Era Second President of the Philippines First President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines Inauguration November 15, 1935, Legislative Building, Manila (aged 57) December 30, 1941, Malinta Tunnel, Corregidor (aged 63) November 15, 1943, Washington, D.C. (aged 65) Vice-President Sergio Osmeña (November 15, 1935-December 30, 1941; December 30, 1941-August 1, 1944) Chief Justice Ramon Avanceña (April 1, 1925-December 24, 1941) Jose Abad Santos (December 24, 1941-May 2, 1942) Speaker of the National Assembly Gil Montilla (November 25, 1935-December 30, 1938) Jose Yulo (January 24, 1939-December 30, 1941) Manuel Luis Molina Quezon Commonwealth of the Philippines

95. first Senate president elected as President of the Philippines first president elected through a national election first president under the Commonwealth he created National Council of Education he initiated women’s suffrage in the Philippines during the Commonwealth he made Tagalog / Filipino as the national language of the Philippines he appears on the twenty-peso bill a province, a city, a bridge and a university in Manila were named after him his body lies within the special monument on Quezon Memorial Circle Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

96. Era Fourth President of the Philippines Second President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines Inauguration August 1, 1944, Washington, D.C. (aged 67) Vice-President None Chief Justice Manuel V. Moran (July 9, 1945-March 20, 1951) Senate President Manuel Roxas (July 9, 1945-May 25, 1946) Speaker of the House Jose C. Zulueta (June 9-December 20, 1945) Sergio Suico Osmeña , Sr.

97. he was 65 when he became president– making him the oldest president to hold office he was the first Visayan to become president he joined US Gen. Douglas McArthur in Leyte on October 20, 1944 starting the freedom of the Philippines from the Japanese during World War II during his time, the Philippine National Bank has been rehabilitated and the country joined the International Monetary Fund on his time, the Bell Trade Act was approved by the US Congress Sergio Osmena appears on the 50 peso bill Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

98. United Nations Charter President Osmeña sent the Philippine delegation, which was headed by Carlos P. Romulo, to the San Francisco gathering for the promulgation of the Charter of the United Nations on 26 June 1945.

99. Second World War was the war between the allied nations (US, Britain, China, France and Union Soviet) and the Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan) It started in Europe when Adolf Hitler troops attacked on September 1, 1939 December 08, 1941 (Pacific Time) Japan made a sneak attacks on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, United States Few hours later, Japanese fighter planes appeared in Philippine skies They bombed Davao City, Tuguegarao , Baguio, Iba , Tarlac , and Clark Air Field Manila and Nichols ( Villamor Airbase) bombed Japanese troops landed in Aparri and Vigan in Northern Luzon, at Legaspi in Bicol, Davao City in Mindanao and Lingayen in Tayabas Luzon General Douglas MacArthur, the commander of US Armed Forces in the Far East (USAFFE), could not stop the Japanese invasion Second World War and Japanese Occupation

100. The Commonwealth in Exile President Roosevelt wired Pres. Quezon to escape to the United States President Quezon, his family, and War Cabinet secretly left Corregidor by submarine on February 20, 1942 to October 3, 1944, the Commonwealth Government went in Exile at Washington, DC President Quezon died of illness on August 1, 1944 and he was succeeded by Vice President Osmeña I Shall Return General Douglas MacArthur was also ordered to leave by Pres. Roosevelt But when he landed in Australia on March 17, 1942, MacArthur told to the world “I shall return” The Fall of Bataan and Corregidor Bataan: April 09, 1942 headed by Gen. Eduard P. King Corregidor: May 06, 1942 headed by Gen. Jonathan Wainwright Visayas and Mindanao: May 10, 1942 headed by Gen. William Sharp

101. Death March One of the cruelest atrocities by the Japanese Some 62,000 Filipino soldiers and 11,000 American troops were forced to March from 7 to 11 days without food, water or medicine They marched 120 kilometers from Mariveles , Bataan to Camp O’Donnell in Capas , Tarlac Japanese Military Occupation January 2, 1942 to July 5, 1945 January 3, 1942- the Japanese Military Administration was set up in Manila Head by General Yoshihida Hayashi and General Takazi Wachi Japanese declared Martial Law Imposed curfew black-outs, rationing and censorship They punished Filipinos for any hostile acts against Japanese soldiers One Japanese is equivalent to 10 Filipinos They banned the shortwave radio so we could not hear news from abroad They circulated money with Japanese script They called this as “Mickey Mouse Money”

102. Second Philippine Republic Jorge B. Vargas became the Chairman of the Philippine Executive Commission January 23, 1942 the members of the Executive Commission sent a letter to the Japanese Military promising to obey the Japanese order for the sake of the Filipino people January 21, 1942 – Japanese Premier Hedeki Tojo came to the Philippines and announced the Philippine independence and said that Japan was the Liberator of Asians He launched the “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” September 04, 1943 the new constitution was finished October 14, 1943 the Second Philippine Republic was inaugurated and Jose P. Laurel as the President Propaganda War Kapisanan ng Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas ( Kalibapi ) agency of Japanese propaganda The only political party allowed during Japanese Occupation

103. The Collaborators Most Filipinos had to collaborate with the Japanese during the war Japanese controlled food, medicine and other supplies Makapil i – Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino Guerilla Warfare Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon ( HukBaLaHap / Huks ) Headed by Luis Taruc Japanese Atrocities Deaths of Filipino Soldiers and Civilians: 1,111,998 Damage to property, goods and services: USD 6,411,732,000 Murder, torture and rape of civilians Looting, burning and destruction of property Rape, sex slaves Cruel Kempeitai (Japanese Military Police) Liberation of the Philippines October 20, 1944 the American liberation forces landed in Palo, Leyte with 650 ships and four army divisions Gen. MacArthur retuned as he promised

104. New US Air Force fighter planes shot down the Japanese kamikaze pilots The US Navy won the big battle of Leyte Gulf on October 23-26, 1944 February 1945 the Battle in Manila ended and liberated the City on February 23, 1945 July 05, 1945 General MacArthur announced the liberation of the Philippines End of the Second World War May 7, 1945 the war in Europe ended Germany surrendered to the Allied Forces (V-E Day in Europe) August 06, 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped at Hiroshima August 09, 1945 another atomic bomb dropped in Nagasaki Japanese surrendered on August 15, 1945 V-J Day Restoration of the Commonwealth February 22, 1945 – President Osmeña installed at Malacañan Palace after the liberation of Manila

105. Japanese Administrators Masaharu Homma – 1 st Japanese Military Governor Tomoyoki Yamashita – Last Japanese Military Governor

106. Era Third President of the Philippines The only President of the Second Republic Inauguration October 14, 1943, Legislative Building, Manila (aged 51) Vice President None Chief Justice Jose Yulo (February 5, 1942-August 1945) Speaker of the National Assembly Benigno S. Aquino Sr. (October 17, 1943-February 2, 1944) Jose Paciano Garcia Laurel, Sr. Second Philippine Republic (1943- 1945)

107. he was considered as the legitimate president of the Philippines he organized KALIBAPI ( Kapisanan sa Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas ). he declared Martial Law in 1944 he and his family developed the establishment of Lyceum of the Philippines Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

108. Problems of the New Republic Reconstruction Poor Government and poor people Peace and Order Moral and Spiritual decline Third Philippine Republic (1946-1972) 1946-1948 1948-1953 1954-1957 1957-1961 1961-1965 1965-1986

109. Era Fifth President of the Philippines Third and last President of the Commonwealth First President of the Third Republic Inauguration May 28, 1946, Legislative Building, Manila (aged 54) July 4, 1946, Independence Grandstand, Manila (aged 54) Vice-President Elpidio Quirino (May 28, 1946-April 17, 1948) Chief Justice Manuel V. Moran (July 9, 1945-March 20, 1951) Senate President Jose Avelino (May 25, 1946-July 4, 1946; July 5, 1946-February 21, 1949) Speaker of the House Eugenio Perez (May 25, 1946-July 4, 1946; July 5, 1946-December 30, 1949) Manuel Acuña Roxas

110. Philippine Rehabilitation Finance Corporation – for building houses after the World War II Creation to Central Bank of the Philippines – to help the system of banking in the Philippines and stabilize the Philippine Peso Dollar reserves Republic Act No. 1946 or Tenancy Act – the 70/30 share and regulation of tenancy contacts Amnesty Proclamation – for the Japanese Collaborators Treaty of General Relations – to give all sovereignty power of the Philippines from United States Military Base Agreement – with United States War Surplus Agreement - Military Assistance Agreement Bell Trade Act – Philippine Peso pegged to US Dollar, system of Tariffs Parity Rights – exploitation of Philippine Natural Resources by the Americans/ led to the amendment of the 1935 Constitution Rice Share Tenancy Act of 1933

111. was inaugurated as the new and first president of the new Republic because the Philippines was finally free after the WW II in his time, the country has started reconstruction from war damage and the Philippines started breathing without foreign rule under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were accepted by the congress he is in the 100 peso bill Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

112. Elpidio Rivera Quirino Era Sixth President of the Philippines Second President of the ThirdRepublic Inauguration April 17, 1948, Malacañan Palace, Manila (aged 57) December 30, 1949, Independence Grandstand, Manila (aged 58) Vice-President: Fernando Lopez (December 30, 1949-December 30, 1953) Chief Justice Ricardo M. Paras (April 2, 1951-February 17, 1961) Manuel V. Moran (July 9, 1945-March 20, 1951) Senate President Mariano Jesús Cuenco (February 21, 1949-December 30, 1951) Quintin Paredes (March 5, 1952-April 17, 1952) Camilo Osías (April 17, 1952-April 30, 1952; April 17, 1953-April 30, 1953) Eulogio Rodriguez (April 30, 1952-April 17, 1953; November 30, 1953-December 30, 1953) Jose Zulueta (April 30, 1953-November 30, 1953) Speaker of the House Eugenio Perez (July 5, 1946-December 30, 1953)

113. Economic Development Corporation (EDCOR) – for the HukBaLaHap Rebels Reorganization of Arm Forces of the Philippines President’s Action Committee on Social Amelioration (PACSA) – to mitigate the sufferings of indigent families Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) – to help the farmers market their crops and save them from loan sharks Korean War – deployment of Philippine Expeditionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK Quirino Foster Agreement – help the Philippines for five years Minimum Wage Law (RA 602) Repealed by PD 442 and Repealed again by RA 6727 Judge Antonio Quirino – emissary of Quirino Administration to have peace talk with Luis Taruc Rural Banks of the Philippines - to facilitate credit utilities in rural areas.

114. Seven point program for social security: Unemployment insurance Old-age insurance Accident and permanent disability insurance Health insurance Maternity insurance State relief Labor opportunity Social Security Commission - making Social Welfare Commissioner Asuncion Perez chairman of the same Executive Order No. 355 - replaced National Land Settlement Administration with Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production Administration Integrity Board - to probe into reports of graft and corruption in high government places Killing of former First Lady Aurora Quezon and her companions on April 28, 1949 by the Huks on the Bongabong -Baler "Total Economic Mobilization Policy" failed to give economic relief to the suffering nation

115. under his term Hukbalahap movement was active he created Social Security Commission he also created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption in 1948, Quezon City was the capital of the Philippines peso and dollar exchange rate at his time was 1 US = P2 Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

116. Ramon Del Fierro Magsaysay, Sr. Era Seventh President of the Philippines Third President of the Third Republic Inauguration December 30, 1953, Independence Grandstand, Manila (aged 46) Vice-President Carlos P. Garcia (December 30, 1953-March 17, 1957) Chief Justice Ricardo M. Paras (April 2, 1951-February 17, 1961) Senate President Eulogio Rodriguez (January 25, 1954-December 30, 1957) Speaker of the House Jose B. Laurel Jr. (January 25, 1954-December 30, 1957)

117. Laurel – Langley Agreement (1955-1974) – replaced Bell Trade Act, continuation of US authority to control exchange rate of peso , sugar quota and tariffs Presidential Complaints and Action Committee – hear the grievances of common people and give solution on it National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration – to make the land distributes as soon as possible Agricultural Credit and Cooperative Financing Administration (ACCFA) – to help farmers Farmers Cooperative Marketing Association ( FaCoMA ) - to buy equipment for farmers RA 1400 – (Land Reform Act of 1955) – Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations. RA 821 – ACCFA Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954) – governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system

118. Reparations agreement - the reservations made by Ambassador Romulo, on the Philippines behalf, upon signing the Japanese Peace Treaty in San Francisco on September 8, 1951, for several years of series of negotiations were conducted by the Philippine government and that of Japan

119. was a chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs was the first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalog in his inauguration his presidency was referred as the Philippines’ Golden Years for it was the cleanest and zero-corruption the Philippines was ranked 2nd in Asia’s clean and well-governed countries Operation Thunder Lightning – surrender of Luis Taruc by Ninoy Aquino Benigno Aquino, Jr. was appointed by President Ramón Magsaysay to act as personal emissary to Luís Taruc , leader of the Hukbalahap , a rebel group. SEATO was formed on September 8-10, 1954 to fight communism Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

120. Era Eighth President of the Philippines Fourth President of the Third Republic Inauguration March 1, 1957, Malacañan Palace, Manila (aged 61) December 30, 1957, Independence Grandstand, Manila (aged 62) Vice-President Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1957-December 30, 1961) Chief Justice Ricardo M. Paras (April 2, 1951-February 17, 1961) Senate President Eulogio Rodriguez (January 22, 1957-April 5, 1963) Speaker of the House Daniel Z. Romualdez (January 27, 1958-December 30, 1961) Carlos Polistico Garcia

121. RA 1700 – Outlawing the Communist Party of the Philippines Filipino First Policy Austerity Program tighten up its controls to prevent abuses in the over shipment of exports under license and in under-pricing as well. more rigid enforcement of the existing regulations on barter shipments. Government imports themselves were to be restricted to essential items. reduce rice imports to a minimum. An overhauling of the local transportation system would be attempted so as to reduce the importation of gasoline and spare parts. tax system would be revised so as to attain more equitable distribution of the payment- burden and achieve more effective collection from those with ability to pay Bohlen-Serrano Agreement – shorten from 99 years to 25 years renewable every five years (military base agreement of Philippines and United States)

122. he was known for “Filipino First Policy” he established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce was known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “bard from Bohol” cultural arts was revived during his term was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

123. Era Ninth President of the Philippines Fifth President of the Third Republic Inauguration December 30, 1961, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 51) Vice-President Emmanuel Pelaez (1961-1965) Chief Justice Cesar Bengzon (April 28, 1961-May 29, 1966) Senate President Eulogio Rodriguez (January 22, 1957-April 5, 1963) Ferdinand E. Marcos (April 5, 1963-December 30, 1965) Speaker of the House Daniel Z. Romualdez (January 22, 1962-March 9, 1962) Cornelio T. Villareal (March 9, 1962-December 30, 1965) Diosdado Pangan Macapagal , Sr.

124. Republic Act No. 3512 – An Act Creating A Fisheries Commission Defining Its Powers, Duties and Functions, and Appropriating Funds Therefor Republic Act No. 3518 – An Act Creating The Philippine Veterans Bank, and For Other Purposes Republic Act No. 3844 – An Act To Ordain The Agricultural Land Reform Code and To Institute Land Reforms In The Philippines, Including The Abolition of Tenancy and The Channeling of Capital Into Industry, Provide For The Necessary Implementing Agencies, Appropriate Funds Therefor and For Other Purposes Republic Act No. 4166 – An Act Changing The Date Of Philippine Independence Day Republic Act No. 4180 – An Act Amending Republic Act Numbered Six Hundred Two, Otherwise Known As The Minimum Wage Law, By Raising The Minimum Wage For Certain Workers, And For Other Purposes.

125. Five-Year Socio-Economic Integrated Development Program – it could be seen that it aimed at the following objectives. immediate restoration of economic stability; alleviating the plight of the common man; And establishing a dynamic basic for future growth. Sabah Claim- On September 12, 1962, the territory of North Borneo, and the full sovereignty, title and dominion over the territory were ceded by Sultan of Sulu, HM Sultan Muhammad Esmail E. Kiram I, to the Republic of the Philippines. The cession effectively gave the Philippine government the full authority to pursue their claim in international courts. The Philippines broke diplomatic relations with Malaysia after the federation had included Sabah in 1963. It was revoked in 1989 because succeeding Philippine administrations have placed the claim in the back burner in the interest of pursuing cordial economic and security relations with Kuala Lumpur. To date, Malaysia continues to consistently reject Philippine calls to resolve the matter of Sabahs jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice.

126. Maphilindo - was described as a regional association that would approach issues of common concern in the spirit of consensus. However, it was also perceived as a tactic on the parts of Jakarta and Manila to delay, or even prevent, the formation of the Federation of Malaysia. Manila had its own claim to Sabah (formerly British North Borneo), and Jakarta protested the formation of Malaysia as a British imperialist plot. Vietnam War - Before the end of his term in 1965, President Diosdado Macapagal persuaded Congress to send troops to South Vietnam. However this proposal was blocked by the opposition led by Senate President Ferdinand Marcos who deserted Macapagal’s Liberal Party and defected to the Nacionalista Party

127. he established the first Land Reform Law he placed the Philippines currency – peso, on the currency exchange market he made June 12 1898 as the Philippines’ Independence Day he signed the Minimum Wage Law he signed the creation of the Philippine Veteran’s Bank Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

128. Era Tenth President of the Philippines Sixth and Last President of the Third Republic The only President of the Fourth Republic Inauguration December 30, 1965, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 48) December 30, 1969, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 52) June 30, 1981, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 64) February 25, 1986, Malacañan Palace, Manila (aged 69) Capital Quezon City (1965-1978) City of Manila (1978-1986) Vice-President Fernando Lopez (December 30, 1965-December 30, 1969) (December 30, 1969-September 23, 1972) Prime Minister Ferdinand E. Marcos (concurrent capacity as President) (June 12, 1978-June 30, 1981) Cesar E.A. Virata (June 30, 1981-February 25, 1986) Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. Fourth Philippine Republic (1972-1986)

129. Chief Justice Felix V. Makasiar (July 25, 1985-November 19, 1985) Enrique M. Fernando (July 2, 1979-July 24, 1985) Fred Ruiz Castro (January 5, 1976-April 19, 1979) Querube C. Makalintal (October 21, 1973-December 22, 1975); Roberto V. Concepcion (June 17, 1966-April 18, 1973); Cesar Bengzon (April 28, 1961-May 29, 1966) Senate President Gil Puyat (January 26, 1967-September 23, 1972) Arturo M. Tolentino (January 17, 1966-January 26, 1967) Speaker of the National Assembly Nicanor E. Yñiguez (July 23, 1984-March 25, 1986) Querube C. Makalintal (June 12, 1978-June 30, 1984) Speaker of the House Cornelio T. Villareal (April 1, 1971-September 23, 1972) Jose B. Laurel Jr. (February 2, 1967-April 1, 1971) Cornelio T. Villareal (January 17, 1966-February 2, 1967)

130. Green Revolution Production of rice was increased through promoting the cultivation of IR-8 hybrid rice. In 1968 the Philippines became self-sufficient in rice, the first time in history since the American period. It also exported rice worth US$7 million. Blue Revolution Marine species like prawn, mullet, milkfish, and golden tilapia were being produced and distributed to farmers at a minimum cost. Today, milkfish and prawns contribute substantially to foreign exchange income. Liberalized Credit More than one thousand rural banks spread all over the country resulting to the accessibility of credit to finance purchase of agricultural inputs, hired labor, and harvesting expenses at very low interest rate. During 1981-1985, credit was available without interest and collateral arrangements. Some of the credit programs were the ff : 1. Biyayang Dagat (credit support for fishermen) 2. Bakahang Barangay –supported fattening of 40,000 head of cattle in farmer backyards

131. 3. Masaganang Maisan , Maisagana , and Expanded Yellow Corn Program –supported 1.4 Million farmers through P4.7 Billion loans from 1975-1985 4. Gulayan sa Kalusugan and Pagkain ng Bayan Programs –provided grants and loans of P12.4 Million to encourage backyard and communal production of vegetables and improve nutrition of Filipino households 5. Kilusang Kabuhayan at Kaunlaran (KKK)— supported 25,000 entrepreneurial projects through P1.8 Billion and helping 500,000 beneficiaries Decontrol Program Price control polices were implemented on rice and corn to provide greater incentive to farmers to produce more. Deregulation of trading in commodities like sugar and coconut and agricultural inputs like fertilizer were done for more efficient marketing and trading arrangements. Education Reform Access to free education widened during the Marcos Administration. The biggest portion of the budget was allotted for Educational Programs (P58.7 Billion in 20 years). The literacy rate climbed from 72% in 1965 to 93% in 1985 and almost 100% in Metro Manila on the same year.

132. Agrarian Reform Tenant’s Emancipation Act of 1972 or PD 27 was implemented without bloodshed. 1.2 million farmers benefited, either they became the owner or leaseholder in more than 1.3 million hectares of rice and corn lands. Primary Health Care made medical care accessible to millions of Filipinos in the remotest barrios of the country. Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services (BLISS) Housing project had expanded the government’s housing program for the low-income group. Housing were conceptualized by a series of legal issuances from the funding, the lending, mortgaging and to the collection of the loans. These are governed by the Home Mutual Development Fund ( Pag-Ibig Fund), the Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB) and the National Home Mortgage Finance which remain intact up to the present Energy Self-Reliance Indigenous energy sources were developed like hydro, geothermal, dendrothermal , coal, biogas and biomass. The country became the first in Asia to use dendrothermal and in five years we became number two, next to US, in geothermal utilization. The extensive energy resource research and exploration and development resulted to reduction of oil imports from 100% in 1965 to 40% in 1985

133. Export Development During 1985 textile and textile products like garments and embroideries, furniture and rattan products, marine products like prawns and milkfish, raw silk, shoes, dehydrated and fresh fruits were exported Labor Reform The Labor code was promulgated which expanded the concerns of the Magna Carta of Labor to extend greater protection to labor, promote employment, and human resource development. The minimum wages of the workers were boosted through the guaranteed 13th month pay and cost of living allowances. Unprecedented Infrastructure Growth The country’s road network had improved from 55,778 kilometers in 1965 to 77,950 in five years (1970), and eventually reached 161,000 kilometers in 1985. Construction of irrigation facilities was also done that made 1.5 million hectares of land irrigated and increased the farmer’s harvest and income. In addition, nationwide telecommunication systems—telephone systems, telex exchange too centers, and interprovincial toll stations were also built.

134. Political Reform The structure of government established by President Marcos remains substantially the same except the change of name, inclusive of superficial features in laws, to give a semblance of change from that of President Marcos regime. Fiscal Reform Government finances were stabilized by higher revenue collections and loans from treasury bonds, foreign lending institutions and foreign governments. Peace and Order In 1966, more than 100 important smugglers were arrested; in three years 1966-68 they arrested a total of 5,000. Military men involved in smuggling were forced to retire. Peace and order significantly improved in most provinces however situations in Manila and some provinces continued to deteriorate until the imposition of martial law in 1972. Decentralization Act – Philippine Regionalization, Divided the Philippines into 13 regions

135. he was the first president to win a second term he declared Martial Law on Sept. 23, 1972 he increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces in 1980, GNP was 4 times greater than 1972 in 1986, the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in Asia he built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals and infrastructures than all former presidents did combined is the only president whose remains interred inside a refrigerated crypt (was buried on November 18, 2016 at the Libingan ng mga Bayani ) Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

136. Marcos became a dictator for 14 years (1972-1984) September 21, 1972 – Martial Law was declared (Proclamation 1081) September 23, 1972 – Marcos announced the declaration of Martial Law via Nationwide television and radio broadcast in the evening 1973 Constitution – November 30, 1972 – finished and signed the new constitution by the delegates (Former President Carlos P. Garcia as President) January 17, 1973 – President Marcos signed the New Constitution 1973 Constitution – amended 22 times during the Marcos dictatorship 91973, 1976, 1981, 1984) Death of Democracy Arrest and detention of Marcos Opponents and protesters against the government (Sen. Benigno Aquino, Jr., Jose Diokno and Ramon Mitra ) Marcos Dictatorship

137. Closing down of all newspapers, radio and television stations and printing presses Government control of all public utilities and important industries Travel Ban abroad Ban on public meetings, student demonstrations and labor strikes Ban on private weapons Torture and murder of political prisoners Government Reorganization Marcos replaced Congress with several lawmaking bodies 1984 he organized the Batasang Pambansa Marcos also changed the local government (old barrios now called barangays) The country was divided unto 13 administrative regions Marcos became the President and Prime Minister of the country Motto: Isang Bansa , Isang Diwa (One Nation, One Spirit) Cesar Virata appointed as Prime Minister Marcos has its absolute power

138. Strong Military Power Marcos created special military courts Major General Fabian C. Ver headed the National Intelligence and Security Agency Military got the biggest share in government budget Fourth Republic January 17, 1981 – ended the Martial Law Pope John Paul II visited the Philippines June 16, 1981 – first Presidential election after Martial Law June 30, 1981 – inauguration of the Fourth Philippine Republic Kilusang Bagong Lipunan – as official Political Party Aquino Assassination August 21, 1983 – a China airlines jet brought back Sen. Benigno Aquino to Manila International Airport Shot by a military assassin as he got down the plane

139. Snap Elections February 7, 1986 – Marcos farce to call Snap Election Marcos declared as winner according to Commission on Elections According to NAMFREL (National Movement for Free Elections) Aquino won People Power Revolution February 22- 25, 1986 the Filipino People united in a peaceful, prayerful and successful revolution to bring back democracy in the Philippines Started at Camp Aguinaldo, EDSA on Saturday February 22, 1986 With Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile and Deputy Chief of Staff Fidel V. Ramos called press conference to announce they they no longer support President Marcos Cardinal Jaime Sin, Mrs. Aquino, Agapito “ Butz ” Aquino and other inspired volunteers to protect the rebels in Camp Auinaldo The Appeal also went over Radio Veritas and a secret radio station with June Keithley . By the morning of Sunday, February 23, tens of thousands of eople men, women, and children formed a human barricades along EDSA and nearby streets People Power Revolution

140. During the next 2 days more and more soldiers sided with the people Millions of people, rich and poor alike, went to the barricades President Marcos was finished. One the night of Tuesday, February 25, he and his family and some friends left the country to Hawaii in a US Air Force jet The Aquino Government February 25, 1986 – Corazon Aquino took her oath of office a the New President of the republic at Club Filipino, Greenhills , Metro Manila March 25, 1985 – she proclaimed a temporary “Freedom Constitution” She appointed delegates to a new constitutional Commission to make the new constitution (Cecilia Muñoz Palma as President) February 2, 1987- the people voted yes for the adoption of constitution May 11, 1987 - new senators and congressmen were elected to the new Congress Local Government - was also retuned to democracy January 18, 1988- the people voted for new governors, mayors and councilors March 28, 1989 - the new barangay official were also elected

141. Fifth Philippine Republic (1986-present) 1986-1992 1992-1998 1998- 2001 2001-2010 2010-2016 2016-present

142. Era Eleventh President of the Philippines First President of the Fifth Republic Inauguration February 25, 1986, Club Filipino, San Juan (aged 53) Seat of Government City of Manila Vice-President Salvador H. Laurel (1986-1992) Chief Justice Marcelo B. Fernan (July 1, 1988-December 6, 1991) Pedro L. Yap (April 18, 1988-July 1, 1988) Claudio Teehankee (April 2, 1986-April 18, 1988) Ramon C. Aquino (November 20, 1985-March 6, 1986) Senate President Jovito Salonga (July 27, 1987-January 1, 1992) Neptali Gonzales (January 1, 1992-June 30, 1992) Speaker of the House Ramon V. Mitra Jr. (July 27, 1987-June 30, 1992) Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino

143. The return of Democracy , freedom and justice in the Philippines Partial recovery of the big sums of money stolen by Marcos and some members of his family Stability of the government despite six successive military coups led by loyalists forces of Marcos, reformist soldiers of Col. Gregorio Honasan and separatist Mindanao hero Col. Alexander Noble Easier credit terms and better conditions of repayment Push back the communist New People’s Army rebels and arrest the top communist leaders Passed the best agrarian reform Improved the image of the Philippines abroad Mobilized national and international aid for the victims of various calamities Family Code of 1987 and 1191 Local Government Code

144. was named “Woman of the Year” in 1986 by Time magazine first woman president of the Philippines and Asia she abolished 1973 Marcos Constitution brought the new Constitution of the Philippines she reorganized the structure of the executive branch of government she always initiated charitable and social activities helping the poor and the needy Contributions and Achievements she’s been cited as a modern-day Joan of Arc by many she is in the new 500 peso bill together with her husband Ninoy Aquino she has received great honors and awards such as one of: 100 Women Who Shaped World History 20 Most Influential Asians of the 20th Century 65 Great Asian Heroes a recipient of J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

145. Era Twelfth President of the Philippines Second President of the Fifth Republic Inauguration June 30, 1992, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 64) Vice-President Joseph Ejercito Estrada (June 30, 1992-June 30, 1998) Chief Justice Andres R. Narvasa (December 8, 1991-November 30, 1998) Senate President Neptali Gonzales (January 26, 1998-June 30, 1998; August 29, 1995-October 10, 1996; January 1, 1992-January 18, 1993) Ernesto Maceda (October 10, 1996-January 26, 1998) Eduardo J. Angara (January 18, 1993-August 29, 1995) Speaker of the House Jose de Venecia (July 27, 1992-June 30, 1998) Fidel Valdez Ramos

146. Republic Act 7638 (Charter of the Department of Energy) This act was signed and implemented so that the department of energy would be created. Republic Act 7648 (Electric Power Crisis) This act prescribes the measures that are necessary and proper to effectively address the electric power crisis in our country. First RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement The effect of this agreement is that it allows the government of the United States to keep the authority over their military personnel that are accused of committing crimes in the Philippines. Republic Act 7832 (Anti-electricity and Electric Transmission Lines/Materials Pilferage Act) This act penalizes theft and pilferage of electric lines and materials. Republic Act 8179 This act further allows foreign investments. It supports Republic Act 7042, which promotes foreign investments and prescribes the procedures and actions foreign investors have to do when registering for a business in the Philippines.

147. Deregulation and Privatization of Major Industries Protection of Migrant Workers (Republic Act 8042) which is also known as the Migrant Workers Act. This act protects Filipino workers abroad. Philippines 2000 Peace and Stability Economic Growth and Development Energy and Power Generation Environmental Protection Streamlined Bureaucracy Agrarian Reform Program Restatement of the Death Penalty

148. during his time, the Philippines was cited as Asia’s Next Economic Tiger because he brought back economic growth the Philippines celebrated Centennial Independence in 1998 he’s the only Filipino who received British Knighthood from the United Kingdom, bestowed by Queen Elizabeth II (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George) he led the 4th APEC Summit held in the Philippines his “Philippines 2000” vision made the Philippine Stock Exchange one of the best in the world in the mid-90s Death Penalty was reinstated at his time he signed peace talks and agreement with the MNLF Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

149. Era Thirteenth President of the Philippines Third President of the Fifth Republic Inauguration June 30, 1998, Barasoain Church, Malolos , Bulacan (aged 61) Vice-President Gloria Macapagal -Arroyo (June 30, 1998-January 20, 2001) Chief Justice: Hilario G. Davide (November 30, 1998-December 20, 2005) Andres R. Narvasa (December 8, 1991-November 30, 1998) Senate President Aquilino Pimentel (November 13, 2000-June 30, 2001) Franklin M. Drilon (July 12, 2000-November 13, 2000) Blas Ople (June 29, 1999-July 12, 2000) Marcelo H. Fernan ( July 27, 1998-June 28, 1999) Speaker of the House Arnulfo T. Fuentabella (November 13, 2000-January 24, 2001) Manuel Villar (July 27, 1998-November 13, 2000) Joseph Marcelo Ejercito Estrada

150. Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 (Republic Act No. 8749) Designed to protect and preserve the environment and ensure the sustainable development of its natural resources. Incentives for Regional Headquarters of Foreign Multinationals (Republic Act No. 8756) The measure grants a host of incentives to multinational firms establishing their regional hubs in the country. Retail Trade Liberalization Act (Republic Act No. 8762) This law dismantles 40 years of state protectionism over the country’s retail trade industry and opens the sector to big foreign players. New General Banking Act (Republic Act No. 8791) The measure opens up the local banking industry to foreign players after almost 50 years of having it exclusively reserved and protected for Filipino nationals. With the industry’s liberalization, at least 10 foreign banks have already established their presence in the Philippines.

151. Agrarian Reform widened the coverage of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) to the landless peasants in the country side. The latter’s administration distributed more than 266,000 hectares of land to 175,000 landless farmers, including land owned by the traditional rural elite. Anti-Crime Task Forces In 1998, by virtue of Executive Order No.8, President Estrada created the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Task Force (PAOCTF) with the objective of minimizing, if not totally eradicating, car theft and worsening kidnapping cases in the country. Death Penalty The death penalty law in the Philippines was re-enforced during the incumbency of Estrada’s predecessor, Fidel Ramos. This law provided the use of the electric chair until the gas chamber (method chosen by government to replace electrocution) could be installed. The Estrada administration peddled the death penalty as the antidote to crime. Electronic Commerce Act of 2000 (Republic Act No. 8792) Outlaws computer hacking and provides opportunities for new businesses emerging from the Internet-driven New Economy.

152. New Securities Act (Republic Act No. 8799) This law liberalizes the securities market by shifting policy from merit regulation to full disclosure. With its strengthened provisions against fraud, the measure is expected to pave the way for the full development of the Philippine equities and securities market. Charter Change Under President Joseph Estrada, there was a similar attempt to change the 1987 constitution. The process is termed as CONCORD or Constitutional Correction for Development. Only amend the ‘restrictive’ economic provisions of the constitution that is considered as impeding the entry of more foreign investments in the Philippines. RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement On 1999 a Visiting Forces Agreement with the United States, which was ratified in the Senate. The first Visiting Forces Agreement was actually signed under President Ramos in 1998, and the second was subsequently signed under President Estrada. The primary effect of the Agreement is to require the U.S. government (1) to notify RP authorities when it becomes aware of the apprehension, arrest or detention of any RP personnel visiting the U.S. and (2) when so requested by the RP government, to ask the appropriate authorities to waive jurisdiction in favor of RP, except cases of special interest to the U.S. departments of State or Defense

153. during his time, the MILF’s headquarters and camps were captured he joined other leaders and politicians who supported against the Charter Change was cited as one of the Three Outstanding Senators in 1989 was among the “Magnificent 12” who voted for the termination of the Philippines and US Military Bases Agreement from Clark Airbase and Subic Naval Base Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

154. Era Fourteenth President of the Philippines Fourth President of the Fifth Republic First Inauguration January 21, 2001, EDSA Shrine (aged 54) Second Inauguration June 30, 2004, Cebu Capitol (aged 57) Vice President Manuel de Castro (June 30, 2004-June 30, 2010) Teofisto Guingona (February 7, 2001-June 30, 2004) Chief Justice Renato C. Corona (May 17, 2010-May 29, 2012) Reynato Puno (December 8, 2006-May 17, 2010) Artemio Panganiban (December 20, 2005-December 7, 2006) Hilario Davide (November 30, 1998-December 20, 2005) Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile (November 17, 2008–June 5, 2013) Manuel Villar (July 24, 2006-November 17, 2008) Franklin M. Drilon (July 23, 2001-July 24, 2006) Aquinlino Pimentel (November 13, 2000-June 30, 2001) Speaker of the House Prospero C. Nograles (February 5, 2008-June 30, 2010) Jose C. de Venecia (July 23, 2001-February 5, 2008) Feliciano R. Belmonte Jr. (January 24, 2001-June 30, 2001) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

155. RoRo (roll-on, roll-off) network of ships and barges that link the highly fragmented islands of the Philippines Job creation Arroyo has always had a mantra of creating one million jobs for Filipinos. Amnesty proclamation On September 5, 2007 - signed Amnesty Proclamation 1377 for members of the Communist Party of the Philippines and its armed wing, the New Peoples Army; other communist rebel groups; and their umbrella organization, the National Democratic Front. US-led coalition against global terrorism in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks, and remains one of its closest allies in the war on terror Philippines-Japan Trade Deal -August 21, 2007 Council of Women World Leaders an International network of current and former women presidents and prime ministers whose mission is to mobilize the highest-level women leaders globally

156. Education Reform easing the textbook backlog; constructing more school buildings; restoring English as medium of instruction; implementing the Basic Education Curriculum or BEC ; improving teacher welfare; sparing public school teachers from the “vagaries of politics”; mainstreaming distance learning; and launching the internet-based education program. The National SME Development Agenda small and medium enterprises through her national SME Development Agenda, believing that they are a vital engine of the Philippine economy. Housing sustainable housing financing, the private sector, especially the banks, is called to participate in the housing market. provide security of tenure for the informal sector, consisting of poor and low salaried workers from government and the private sector.

157. Election Modernization On May 10, 2004, the Philippines will hold its first elections using modern counting and canvassing methods. Land Distribution accelerated land distribution and delivery of support services to the farmer-beneficiaries. The same shall apply to the distribution of public lands. The Mindanao National Initiative or “Mindanao Natin ” is the sound strategy for peace and development in Mindanao that is being implemented across many areas of action from security to infrastructure to education to economic growth to poverty reduction to law enforcement. aims to mobilize the local governments, civil society and the business community in the blueprint for development for Muslim Mindanao Presyong Tama, Gamot Pampamilya The Presyong Tama, Gamot Pampamilya is the government's concrete response to address the heavy burden of high medicine prices on the Filipino consumers.

158. KALAHI The Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) program is an anti- poverty initiative The project will assist the government in strengthening the capability of local government units (LGUs) to design, implement, and manage development activities. Such activities may include basic infrastructure like new or rehabilitated roads and bridges, barangay schools and clinics, and water supply and sanitation facilities. E-Procurement The Electronic Procurement System or EPS is one initiative of government to reform and modernize government's procurement services. creation and operation of a central portal for government procurement, bidding and supplier information requirements, and the increasing use of the portal among government agencies. The EPS is expected to achieve transparency in public procurement activities. National Health Insurance Program Philhealth is the government's priority health program that aims to benefit the country's poor communities. A health insurance card holder and any member of his family who gets sick can go to a government hospital and present the said card to avail of free medical services.

159. KABAYANIHAN The program is an integrated delivery of basic services to OFWs at worksites abroad and at home in the Philippines. Under Kabayanihan , the OFWs will be able to avail themselves of the following services: Overseas Workers Welfare Administration On-Site Welfare Services that would include expanded/voluntary membership. DOLE/OWWA/Philippine Overseas Employment Administration Electronic Identification Card (E-Card) services. Health maintenance services through the OWWA Medicare program wherein the OFW and members of the family will be entitled to benefits over and above those granted by PhilHealth . Expanded Value Added Tax (e-VAT) Law RA 9337 RA 9189 – Overseas Absentee Voting Act of 2003 RA 9160 Money Laundering Law RA 9225 Citizenship Retention and Reacquisition Act Proclamation 1017 State of National Emergency 9February 24, 2006 RA 9256 Ninoy Aquino Day Proclamation 1946 Martial Law in Maguindanao

160. second female president of the country first and only female vice-president of the Philippines so far (to date) first president to had oath taking outside Luzon an ex-professor of Economics at the Ateneo de Manila University where Noynoy Aquino was one of her students an ex-classmate of former US president Bill Clinton at Georgetown University’s Walsh School of Foreign Service where she maintained Dean’s list status she regained higher economic growth than the past 3 presidents before her Contributions and Achievements economy grew at its fastest in 3 decades in 2007, GDP exceeding 7% growth US ex-president Bill Clinton cited Gloria’s “tough decisions” because of her brilliant strategy to make the country's economy back in shape amidst the 2008 global financial crisis Peso became the best performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007 EVAT Law was implemented under her term she is currently in the 200 peso bill Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

161. Era Fifteenth President of the Philippines Fifth President of the Fifth Republic Inauguration June 30, 2010, Quirino Grandstand, Manila (aged 50) Vice President Jejomar C. Binay (June 30, 2010-Present) Chief Justice Ma. Lourdes P.A. Sereno (August 25, 2012-Present) Renato C. Corona (May 17, 2010-May 29, 2012) Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile (July 26, 2010-June 5, 2013) Franklin M. Drilon (July 22, 2013-Present) Speaker of the House Feliciano Belmonte (July 26, 2010-June 30, 2016) Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III

162.  Executive Order No. 1- creating the Truth Commission tasked to investigate various anomalies and issues including graft and corruption allegations against the past administration government officials and their accomplices in the private sector during the last nine years   Executive Order No. 2 - signed on July 30, 2010 ordering the immediate removal of all midnight appointments made by the previous administration for violating the 60-day constitutional ban on presidential appointments before a national election   Executive Order No. 3 - signed on July 30, 2010 an executive order revoking Executive Order No. 883, signed by former Pres. Gloria Macapagal -Arroyo on May 28, 2010, that automatically promoted lawyers in government executive service to the rank of Career Executive Service Officer III (CESO III)   Executive Order No. 7 suspension of all allowances, bonuses and incentives of board members of government-owned and-controlled corporations (GOCCs) and government financial institutions (GFIs) until December 31, 2010   Executive Order No. 10 declaring October 2, 2010 as the Nationwide Philhealth Registration Day (NPRD)

163. Republic Act No. 10645 Mandatory Philhealth Coverage for all Senior Citizens, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 7432, as amended by Republic Act No. 9994, otherwise known as the “Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010.” Republic Act No. 10640 strengthen the anti-drug campaign of the government, amending for the purpose Section 21 of Republic Act No. 9165, otherwise known as the “Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002. Republic Act No. 10639 An Act mandating the telecommunications service providers to send free mobile alerts in the event of natural and man-made disasters and calamities. Republic Act No. 10630 An Act strengthening the Juvenile Justice System in the Philippines, amending for the purpose Republic Act No. 9344, otherwise known as the “Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006” and appropriating funds therefor.

164. Republic Act No. 10627 An Act requiring all elementary and secondary schools to adopt policies to prevent and address the acts of bullying in their institutions. Republic Act No. 10533 An Act enhancing the Philippine basic education system by strengthening its curriculum and increasing the number of years for basic education, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 10360 An Act creating the Province of Davao Occidental Republic Act No. 10351 An Act restructuring the excise tax on alcohol and tobacco products by amending Section 141 142, 143, 144, 145, 8, 131 and 288 of Republic Act No. 8424 otherwise known as The National Internal Revenue Code of 1997, as amended by Republic Act No. 9334, and for other purposes..

165. Republic Act No. 10175 An Act defining Cybercrime. providing for the prevention, investigation, suppression and the imposition of penalties therefor and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 10173 An Act protecting individual personal information in information and communications systems in the government and the private sector, creating for this purpose a National Privacy Commission, and for other purposes. Republic Act No. 10157 An Act institutionalizing the Kindergarten education into Basic Education system and appropriating funds thereof Republic Act No. 10354 The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012 Republic Act No. 10586 Anti Drive-Drugged- Drunk Act of 2013

166. he created the no wang-wang policy and this was practiced on his inaugural address he assigned the notable Jesse Robredo as the secretary of DILG in 2010. he initiated the K-12 education in the Philippines he renamed the Office of the Press Secretary into Presidential Communications Operations Office and appointed new officers he signed an EO about suspension of allowances and bonuses of GOCCs and GFIs board members has paved peace in Mindanao thru the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Movement in 2012, the Philippine economy grew 7.1% besting other South East Asian countries Contributions and Achievements Source: http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions

167. Rodrigo Roa Duterte Sixteenth President of the Philippines Sixth President of the Fifth Republic Inauguration June 30, 2016,   Rizal Ceremonial Hall  of the  Malacañang Palace (aged 71) Vice President Leni Robredo (June 30, 2016-Present) Chief Justice Ma. Lourdes P.A. Sereno (August 25, 2012-May 11, 2018) Teresita de Castro (August 28, 2018 – October 10, 2018) Lucas Bersamin (November 26, 2018 – October 18, 2019) Diosdado Peralta (October 23, 2019 – March 27, 2021) Alexander Gesmundo (April 5, 2021 – September 14, 2021) Senate President Aquilino Pimentel Jr. (July 25, 2016 – May 21, 2018) Vicente "Tito" C. Sotto III (May 21, 2018–present) Speaker of the House Pantaleon Alvarez (July 25, 2016-July 23, 2018) Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (July 23, 2018-June 30, 2019) Alan Peter Cayetano (July 22, 2019-October 12, 2020) Lord Allan Jay Velasco (October 12, 2020-present)

168. Build, Build, Build Program One-stop service center for OFWs  opened at the Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (POEA) in Mandaluyong City. It has served 219,697 clients as of December 7, 2016. No report of  laglag-bala  (bullet-planting scam) since start of Duterte administration Punctuality of take-off of airplanes (on-time performance) at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) improved to  78%  from 47% due to strict enforcement of rule that pilots must take off within 5 minutes or be put at the back of the line.

169. 911 National Emergency Hotline launched Philippine Energy Plan 2016-2030 Update  completed by DOE. The plan is supposed to set the strategy for short, medium, and long-term goals for electrification in the country. 41 metallic mines  audited by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to ensure compliance with responsible mining standards. Of these, 10 were suspended, 20 were recommended for suspension, while 11 were given the passing rate. DENR hotlines  launched: #DENR or #3367 for landline and 0917-868-DENR or 0917-885-DENR for mobile.

170. Executive Order creating Bangsamoro Transition Commission signed. Creation of BARMM (Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao) through Republic Act 11054 or the 'Bangsamoro Organic Law,' Executive Order on Freedom of Information (FOI) signed. And launched in an online portal by the Presidential Communications Operations Office. 8888 Citizen Complaints Hotline launched.

171. 1,007,153 drug users and pushers  surrendered to government. 42,978 pushers and users  arrested as of December 30. 73 government officials  arrested for involvement in illegal drug trade, as of October 7, 2016 5,868,832 houses  of suspected drug personalities visited by police to invite them to surrender to government for rehabilitation, under Project Tokhang . Mega Drug Abuse Treatment and Rehabilitation Center  in Fort Magsaysay, Nueva Ecija inaugurated. It is being run by the Department of Health. S eized a total of  P59.93 billion worth of illegal drugs a s of May 2021 . New PNP Special Action Force troopers deployed to guard New Bilibid Prison in place of old security. War on Drugs

172. Yaman ng Lahi ( Binagong Edisyon ) by Amelia Tuico & Edna Perez MET- LET Reviewer On Social Science by Rogelio I. Esperitu (2011) Philippine History and Government (2002) by Gregorio and Sonia Zaide Philippine History Module-Based Learning (2002) by Rebecca and Reena Ongsotto Philippine History Revised Edition (2010) Teodoro Agoncillo Saint Louie Reviewer – Philippine History (April, 2014) http://twentyfive.hubpages.com/hub/Presidents-of-the-Philippines-and-their-Achievements-and-Contributions Retrieved November 24, 2014 References: