Philippine History: Spanish Era

1. PHILIPPINE HISTORY SPANISH ERA

2. Spanish Colonization (1521 - 1898)

3. Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521.  Magellan landed on the island of Cebu, claiming the lands for Spain and naming them Islas de San Lazaro.  He set up friendly relations with some of the local chieftains and converted some of them to Roman Catholicism. 

4.   Magellan's Cross is a  Christian cross   planted by   Portuguese, and  Spanish  explorers as ordered by  Ferdinand Magellan  upon arriving in Cebu  in the  Philippines  on April 14, 1521. A sign below the cross describes the original cross is encased inside the wooden cross that is found in the center of the chapel. This is to protect the original cross from people who chipped away parts of the cross for souvenir purposes or in the belief that the cross possesses miraculous powers .  Some people, however, believe that the original cross had been destroyed or had disappeared after Magellan's death.

5. Lapu-Lapu was a ruler of  Mactan, who is known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted the Spanish colonization. On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu led 3,000 warriors in a battle against Portuguese explorer and conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led a force of forty-nine Spanish soldiers and 6000 native warriors from Cebu. During the battle Magellan and several of his men were killed.

6. The Battle of Mactan - Many of the warriors attacked Magellan; he was wounded in the arm with a spear and in the leg by a kampilan. With this advantage, Lapu-Lapu's troops finally overpowered and killed Magellan. He was stabbed and hacked by spears and swords.

7. Magellan introduced Christianity in Cebu

8. REASONS FOR COLONIZATION:3G

9. THE CONVERSION OF NATIVES TO CHRISTIANITY GOD

10. GOLD ACCUMULATION OF GOLD AND WEALTH

11. GLORY SUPREMACY OF SPAIN OVER PORTUGAL AS A SUPERPOWER

12. SPAIN’S CONTRIBUTION

13. The Residencia This was a special judicial court that investigates the performance of a governor general who was about to be replaced. The residencia, of which the incoming governor general was usually a member, submitted a report of its findings to the King. The Visita The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a government official called the Vistador General to observe conditions in the colony. The Visitador General reported his findings directly to the King.

14. The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when Legaspi, in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip II in 1558, distributed lands in Cebu to loyal Spanish subjects. These men had helped conquer the Philippines. The encomienda was not actually a land grant but was a favor from the kind under which the Spaniard receiving his favor was given the right to collect tributes–or taxes–from the inhabitants of the area assigned to him. The man who received this favor was called an encomendero. The encomienda was, therefore, a public office

15. In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed that Indians who had been pacified should contribute a “moderate amount” in recognition of their vassalage. TRIBUTE

16. The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico. Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.

17. CHALLENGES TO SPANISH AUTHORITY

18.   Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588  was a plot against Spanish colonial rule by the Tagalog and Kapampangan noblemen, or datus, of Manila and some towns of Bulacan and Pampanga, in the Philippines. It was led by Agustín de Legazpi, grandson of conquistador Miguel Lopez de Legaspi.

19. The  Tamblot Uprising  of 1621, also known as the  Tamblot Revolution  or  Tamblot Revolt , was led by Tamblot, a bab aylan  or native priest from the island of Bohol in the Philippines. It was basically a religious conflict.Tamblot exhorted his people to return to the faith of their forefathers and free themselves from Spanish oppression.

20. Diego Silang y Andaya  (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by grievances stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by his belief in self-government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in trained Ilocano officials.

21. The  Treaty of Paris , also known as the  Peace of Paris  and the  Treaty of 1763 , was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.

22. Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in the late 16th century during the era of Spanish colonization when the Augustinians brought cigar tobacco seeds to the colony for cultivation. In 1686, William Dampier visited Mindanao and observed that smoking was a widespread custom. It had also become an article of foreign trade with the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice, bees wax and tobacco from the Spanish colony.

23. The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is very important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for foreign traders to do business with many countries. Philippines was one of those who benefited from its operation, not only in terms of business (economy), but also about way of life. Contact with westerners who came to trade with Philippines brought-in new ideas, knowledge/education, and other things.

24. Three   martyr priests  are publicly garroted as alleged leaders of the  Cavite   Conspiracy , a movement for secularization and nationalism, which is distasteful to the Spanish friars. They are  Jose Burgos  (born Feb 9, 1837),  Mariano Gomez  (born Aug 2, 1799) and Jacinto Zamora  (born Aug 14, 1835). 

25. THE RISE OF FILIPINO NATIONALISM

26. THE CAMPAIGN FOR REFORMS

27. PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

28. The  Propaganda Movement  was a literary and cultural organization formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had settled in Europe. Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines. Its prominent members included  Jose Rizal, author of  Noli Me Tangere (novel)  and  El Filibusterismo ,   Graciano López Jaena , publisher of  La Solidaridad , the movement's principal organ, Mariano Ponce, the organization's secretary and  Marcelo H. del Pilar .

29. Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were: 1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales , the 2.Spanish parliament; 3.Secularization of the clergy; 4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; 5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school system independent of the friars; 6.Abolition of the  polo  (labor service) and  vandala  (forced sale of local products to the government). 7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of association. 8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service; 9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain; 10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human rights

30. FILIPINO REFORMISTS

31. Graciano López Jaena  (December 18, 1856-January 20, 1896) was a journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero from Iloilo, the Philippines, who is well known for his newspaper,  La Solidaridad .  Philippine historians  regard López Jaena , along with Marcelo H. del Pilar  and José Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists. Of these three  ilustrados , López Jaena was the first to arrive in  Spain and may have founded the genesis of the Propaganda Movement.

32. José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino nationalist, writer and  reformist. He is widely considered the greatest national hero of the  Philippines. He was the author of  Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo  and a number of poems and essays. He was executed on December 30, 1896.

33. Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán  (August 30, 1850 – July 4, 1896), better known by his  pen name  Plaridel , was a Filipino  writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was the second and last editor of the  La Solidaridad  (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform Movement  in Spain .

34. La Liga Filipina  (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892. .

35. The  Katipunan  was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.

36. RIZAL WAS EXILED AT DAPITAN. THEN WENT TO CUBA AND RETURNED AT MANILA.

37. KATIPUNAN WAS DISCOVERED

38.  The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims a  state of war  in the 8 provinces that took up arms. The provinces are Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas , Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija .

39.  The Spaniards  executed  Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan  (today's Rizal Park).

40. The Katipunan court finds the Bonifacios guilty. They are sentenced to death .

41. The  Malolos Congress  or formally known as the "National Assembly" of representatives was the constituent assembly of the First Philippine Republic. It met at the  Barasoain Church in  Malolos City, Bulacan .  It drafted the  Malolos Constitution.

42. The  Treaty of Paris of 1898 , 30 sta.1754 , was an agreement made in 1898 that resulted in Spain surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of the  West Indies , Guam , and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the United States .  The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-American War. It came into effect on April 11, 1899, when the ratifications were exchanged.

43. SOURCE: GOOGLE

44. SUBMITTED BY: CHELSEA BASACA SUBMITTED TO: MADAM MARY ANN INOC