Philippine Politics and Governance report presentation grade 12

Post war era

1. Postwar era Development of Philippine government and politics

2. Tydings - Mcduffie act ( Review ) The Tydings - McDuffie Act granted independence to the Philippines after 10-year transitional period. This happened on July 4 1946, despite the fact that the Philippines was still rising up from the ashes brought by the war. The Third Republic was also inaugurated in this day.

3. 1935 constitution Provided for a presidential and unitary system, wherein the president will be directly elected by the people and will serve 4 years with a maximum of two terms . There was also a bicameral legislature composed of the Senate and House of Representatives , whose members are also directly elected by the people . An independent judicial body-composed of the Supreme Court and the lower courts was created.

4. Presidents of the third republic: Manuel Roxas (1946-1948)- first president Elpidio Quirino (1948- 1953) Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957) Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961) Diosdado Macapagal (1961-1965) Ferdinand Marcos (1965-1969)- first term of Marcos

5. MARTIAL LAW ERA AND THE FOURTH REPUBLIC Development of Philippine government and politics

6. 1965 Ferdinand Marcos was elected to the presidency and his administration was characterized by an increased agricultural productivity, massive infrastructure development, and a defining diplomatic policy.

7. 1969 Ferdinand Marcos ran for reelection and succeeded. Making him the only president under the 1935 constitution to be elected for the 2 nd term. This is when the country was undergoing worsening economic condition, deteriorating peace & order, social discontent, & a growing Communist insurgency.

8. September 23, 1972 Ferdinand Marcos announced on nationwide radio & television that he was placing the entire country under martial law to save the Republic from the turmoil and to reform the society.

9. Proclamation 1081 The declaration of martial law was made through the virtue of this which was signed on September 21, 1972

10. Bagong Lipunan (new society) Instituted by Marcos which envisioned a thriving and self-reliant society that is based on new social & political values.

11. 1973 constitution Provided that the Philippines will have a modified parliamentary form of government. The president will serve as a ceremonial head of state.

12. Function of the president under the 1973 constitution: Address the National Assembly at the opening of its regular section. Proclaim the election of prime minister. Dissolve the National Assembly and call for a general election. Appoint all officers & employee in accordance with the Civil Service Law.

13. 1976 The 1973 Constitution was amended. Instead of having an election for the National Assembly, an interim Batasang Pambansa would be established, composed of the incumbent president , the current regional and sectoral representatives , and the members of cabinet . The interim Batasang Pambansa would have the same power as that of the National Assembly.

14. 1976 amendments of the 1973 constitutions Allowed Marcos to be the president and the minister at the same time. He shall “continue to exercise all his powers even after the interim Batasang Pambansa is organized and ready to discharge its functions. Likewise, he shall continue to exercise his powers and prerogatives under the 1935 Constitution and the powers vested on the President and the Prime Minister under this Constitution.”

15. 1976 amendments of the 1973 constitutions Marcos’ legislative power solidified as the sixth item allowed him to “issue the necessary decrees, orders, or letters of instructions, which shall form part of the law of the land” if the interim Batasang Pambansa or the regular National Assembly fails to address matters deemed requiring immediate action by the president-prime minister.

16. During the martial law The dictator held all governmental powers, relying on the military force, coercion, and violence to exercise authority. The political rights and civil liberties of the people as well as their human rights were suppressed & violated.

17. Writ of habeas corpus The suspension of this led to the arrest and detention of any person without proper court proceeding. There were also cases of human rights abuses among those who were against the regime.

18. Edsa people power A nonviolent uprising which ousted Marcos and ended his dictatorial rule .

19. Post- edsa period Development of Philippine government and politics

20. 1986 onward Is the restoration of democracy. The fall of the dictatorship marked the shift toward democratization and return to constitutionalism. Corazon Aquino’s ascent to presidency.

21. 1987 Constitution Features aspects that reflected those of the 1935 Constitution, albeit several changes.

22. Post- edsa era Known as the Fifth Republic, saw the revival of democracy, wherein governmental powers emanate from the people. Elections, political parties, and civil societies where thus reinstituted.

23. Post- edsa era Civilian authority (through the president) was recognized supreme over military. An independence judiciary was also reestablished. The Philippine legislature also returned to a bicameral form, with the rebirth of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

24. Presidents of fifth republic: 1. Corazon Aquino (1986-1992)- served as the first president of the fifth republic. 2. Fidel Ramos (1992-1998) 3. Joseph Estrada (1998-2001)- only served half of his term after being deposed by the EDSA People Power 11.

25. Presidents of fifth republic: 4. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001-2010)- succeeded Joseph Estrada and eventually won the 2004 election and thus served as executive for almost a decade. 5. Benigno Simeon Aquino III (2010-2016)- son of former president Corazon Aquino.

26. The end thank you for listening! Members: Ma. Lida Derilo Nash Oreste Ellen May Balita Jasmine Gayoso Rex Vincent Lopena Marie Aserit Brent Aikin Galacan Glycel Lucero Chester Deev Adesas Sarah Lorica Jean Krizia Opaco Jennelyn Aclan