philippineliteratureduringamericanperiod-160118031738 (1).pptx

Philippine Literature during the American Period

1. Philippine Literature During American Period

2. Historical Background The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who colonized for more than 300 years. June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine flag as a symbol of our independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected the first president of the Philippine Republic but this was short lived.

3. Historical Background The Filipino-American war resulted in the defeat of Gen. Miguel Malvar in 1903. The peace movements started as early as 1900. Many Filipinos started writing again and the nationalism of the people remain undaunted. Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays and novels. Their writings clearly depicted their love of country and thier longings for independence .

4. In 1910 A new group started to write in English. Hence, Spanish, Tagalog , the Vernaculars and finally , English, were the mediums used in literature during these times. The writers in Spanish want to write on nationalism like honoring Rizal and other heroes. The writers in Tagalog continued in their lamentations on the conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse love for one’s native tongue. The writers in English imitated the themes and methods of the Americans.

5. In 1920 The UP college Folio was later replaced by the Philippine Collegian. Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benite z stand out as a model of perfection in character delineation, local color, plot and message. 1933 Footnote to youth by Jose Garcia Villa

6. The active arousal in the field of literature started to be felt in the following newspaper: - EL NUEVO DIA (The New Day) Established by Sergio Osmenia in 1900. - EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO (The Call of the Nation) Established by Pascual Poblete in 1900. - EL RENACIEMENTO (The Rebirth) Founded by Rafael Palma in 1900.

7. There were also plays written, included here were the following: KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow) Written by Aurelio Tolentino TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad MALAYA by Thomas Remigio WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes

8. Opening of Public Schools Education became a very important issue for the united states colonial government, since it allowed it to spread thier cultural values, particularly the english language, to the filipino people. By 1901, public education was institutionalized in the philippines , with english serving the medium of instruction.

9. Characteristics of Literature During this Period. A. Literature in Spanish a) Cecilio Apostol - wrote "A RIZAL" and is considered the best poem in praise of the hero of bagumbayan . b) Fernando Ma. Guerero - he collected the best of his poem in a book called Crisalidas , and one of the poems written in this book was "INVOCACION A RIZAL" c) Jesus Balmori - well-known for his pen name of Batikuling . He and Manuel Bernabe participated in a debate on the topic - "REMEMBRANCE and FORGETFULNESS ". He was elected Poet Laureate in spanish besting Manuel Bernabe . d) Manuel Bernabe - is a lyric poet. He was more attractive to the public in a debate with balmori because of the melodious words he used. He defended OLVIDO e) Claro M. Recto - he collected his poems in a book entitled BAJO LOS COCOTEROS . One of his writings dedicated to Rizal is " ANTE EL MARTIR ".

10. Others Writters in Spanish 1. Adelina Guerrea was first woman poet in the Philippines who was good in Spanish. She obtained the Nobel Prize in her EL NIDO. 2. Isidro Marpori became famous for his four books entitled Aroma de Ensueno . 3. Macario Adriatico wrote of Legend of Mindoro entitled La Punta de Salto 4. Epifanio de los Santos

11. B. Filipino Literature a) Lope K. Santos - "Father of the National language Grammar", he was also called " apo " of the tagalog writers. " BANAAG AT SIKAT " was his master piece. b) Jose Corazon de Jesus - known as huseng batute , he was also called the poet of love in his time. " AG ISANG PUNONG KAHOY ", an elegy, is believed to be his masterpiece. c) Armando V. Hernandez - was dubbed "Poet of the Laborers", his masterpiece is "ANG PANDAY" d) Valeriano Hernandez Pena - known as Tandang Anong , he considers " NENA AT NENENG " his masterpiece. e) Inigo Ed Regalado - a popular story teller, novelist and newspaper man. He reach the peak of his success by the " sumpong " of his pen.

12. Julian Cruz Balmaceda classified three kinds of Tagalog poets: 1. Poet of the Heart ( Makata ng Puso ). These included Lope K. Santos, Iñigo Ed. Regalado , Carlos Gatmaitan , Pedro Deogracias del Rosario, Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. Hernandez, Nemecio Carabana , and Mar Antonio. 2. Poets of Life ( Makata ng Buhay ). Led by Lope K Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, Florentino Collantes , Patricio Mariano, Carlos Garmaitan , and Amado V. Hernandez. 3. Poets of the Stage ( Makata ng Tanghalan ). Led by Aurelio Tolentino , Patricio Mariano, Severino Reyes, and Tomas Remigio .

13. C. Philippine Literature in English In a way, we can say that we can trace the beginnings of Philippine literature in English with the coming of the Americans. For this purpose, we can divide this period into three time frames, namely:

14. The Period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910) English as a literary vehicle came with the American occupation in August 13, 1898 and as they say, a choice bestowed on us by history. By 1900, English came to be used as a medium of instruction in the public schools. From the American forces were recruited the first teachers of English. By 1908, the primary and intermediate grades were using English. It was also about this time when UP, the forerunner in the use of English in higher education, was founded.

15. The Period of Imitation (1910-1924) By 1919, the UP College Folio published the literary compositions of the first Filipino writers in English. They were the pioneers in short story writing. They were then groping their way into imitating American and British models which resulted in a stilted, artificial and unnatural style, lacking vitality and spontaneity.

16. Period of Self-Discovery and Growth (1925-1941) By this time, Filipino writers had acquired the mastery of English writing. They now confidently and competently wrote on a lot of subjects although the old-time favorites of love and youth persisted. They went into all forms of writing like the novel and the drama.

17. Poetry. Noteworthy names in this field ,they wrote in free verse, in odes and sonnets and in other types. Poetry was original, spontaneous, competently written and later, incorporated social consciousness. Short Story (1925-1941) Poetry and short story flourished during these times. Publications. The Philippine Free Press provided the first incentives to Filipino writers in English by offering prizes to worthwhile contribution. Other publication followed suit. The Drama .(1925-1941) Drama during this period did not reach the heights attained by the novel or the short story.

18. References philippine literature04.snack.ws/american-regime-1898-1941.html britannica.com/event/ Philippine -Revolution philippineliterary festival.com ncca.gov.ph