Philo-Socrates PDF.pdf

WHO IS MAN? All About Socrates.

1. SOCRATES
GREEK AND WESTERN PERSPECTIVES

2. Philosophical Perspective of
Socrates about the Self

3. 470 BCE—399 BCE
Socrates was an ancient Greek
philosopher whose way of life,
character, and thought exerted a
profound influence, one of the three
greatest figures of the ancient period
ofWestern philosophy(the others
were Plato and Aristotle.Who lived
in Athens in the 5
th
century BCE
SOCRATES

4. EARLY YEARS
Information derived from three contemporary sources:
✓Dialogues of Plato
✓Xenophon
✓The plays of Aristophanes
•Son of the statuary Sophroniscusand the midwife Phaenarete.
•Born in Athens 469 B.C.E.
•In his youth he learned gymnastics and music
•In his later years he learned geometry, astronomy and studied the
methods and doctrines of the leaders of Greek thought and culture.
•Began life as a sculptor/stonemason.

5. LIFE
•Married Xanthippe
Had three sons:
-Lamprocles
-Sophroniscus
-Menexenus
•Denied payment for his teachings in a
sophist school.
•Took over profession of stonemasonry.
•Served in the Athenian army.

6. STUDENTS
•PLATO
-considered one of the greatest philosophers in
the history of civilized man.
•ALCIBIADES
-military genius.
•ARISTIPPUS
-founder of the Cyrenaic school of hedonism
•ANTISTHENES
-founder of the Cynic school of philosophy
•XENOPHON
-a military leader and historian
•CRITO
-one of the wealthiest men in Athens.
INSTANT LEGACY
•Socrates’ students and
followers continued in his
footsteps pushing his beliefs
and methods throughout
Athens.
•His pupil Plato continued on
to become more influential
than his teacher.

7. TEACHING
•Socrates had many “students,” but no
formal school, and he never accepted
payment for teaching because he believed
that knowledge should be free to all who
seek it.
•He exemplified his beliefs by walking
through the streets of Athens barefoot year-
round in ragged clothing.
•Socratic Methods
•Examining ourselves to find truth
•Moral values
•Socrates did not write anything. Everything
we know about him was written by others

8. SOCRATIC METHOD
Dialectical method
•A discussion involving opposing views.
•Begins with commonly held truths and opinions.
•Questions are then asked to test the logic behind
these views.
•Contradicting ideas are eliminated until
consistency is reached.
•Socrates believed this was the ultimate way of
discovering truth.
ELENCHUS
MAIEUTIC PROCESS
IRONIC PROCESS

9. The Oracle of Delphi
•Priestess of Apollo gifted in prophecy
•She was asked, “Is there anyone wiser
than Socrates?” She answered no.
•Socrates felt this we wrong because he
knew that he didn't know anything.
•Socrates tried to refute the Oracle by
questioning the Wise Men of Athens.
https://mygestaltherapy.com/socrates/#Pythia,_the_Priestess

10. SOPHIST
•Intelligent men, who travelled from place to place, teaching
subjects like grammar, rhetoric (debating, argument, logic)
and literature
•Athens was an emerging democratic centreand educated
people were needed
•The Sophists charged for their services, usually employed
by the wealthy and powerful –what the Sophists taught was
in demand

11. TRIAL OF SOCRATES
•Meletus initiated criminal proceedings
•Charged with impiety and corrupting the youth
•Faced a jury of 500 men.
•Most damaging accusation:
Association with Critias
FINDINGS & PENALTY
•280 jurors guilty & 220 jurors for acquittal, there was no
judge.
•Each side proposes punishment jurors choose: The accusers
of Socrates proposed the punishment of death.
•Socrates asks the jury for free meals in the Prytaneum:
“Finally suggested a fine of one mina of silver”.
-360 jurors voted for death
-140 for the fine

12. THE FINAL WORDS & DEATH OF
SOCRATES
“This conviction resulted from my unwillingness
to address you as you would have liked me to
do.”
“History will come to see this conviction as
shameful for Athens”
"The hour of departure has arrived, and we go
our ways -I to die, and you to live.Which to the
better fate is known only to God.”
His final hours were spent in an Athenian jail
cell. Athenian law required death sentence to be
by hemlock.

13. REFERENCE
https://www.biography.com/scholar/socrates
https://ethics.org.au/big-thinker-socrates/
https://www.worldhistory.org/socrates/
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Socrates
https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-
history/peloponnesian-war
https://www.famous-trials.com/socrates/833-home
https://historythings.com/who-was-socrates-really/
https://mygestaltherapy.com/what-is-the-socratic-
method-how-to-persuade-anyone/

14. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
Prepared by:
JorielynE. Apostol
BEED 1-A
Mr. Harvey C. Torres
Philosophy 1
College Instructor