philosophy new philosophy philosophy.ppt

Philosophy

1. TEACHING METHOD
ON
PHILOSOPHY
PRESENTED BY : SHYAMKUMARI VERMA
P. B. B.Sc. nursing 2
nd
year student

2. INTRODUCTION
The word philosophyis derived from the Greek words
philos(love) and Sophia (wisdom) “philosophia” means
"love of wisdom"or "friend of wisdom".
meaning of philosophy-Philosophy is the study of
general and fundamental problems, such as those
connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason,
mind, and language.
Philosophy is the rational attempt to formulate,
understand, and answer fundamental questions.

3. DEFINITION
Philosophy is a search for a comprehensive view of
nature, an attempt at a universal explanation of nature of
things. –Henderson
Philosophy is the science of knowledge. –Fitche
Philosophy is the science of all sciences. –Coleridge
Philosophy is the mother of all arts and the true
medicine of the mind. –Cicero.

4. PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING
EDUCATION.
DEFINITION:
It is a set of beliefs and values that guide nursing
education and practice .it includes the view of the
learner, teacher, nurse and the client and society.
Beliefs and values with regard to man in general
and specifically man as the learner, teacher, nurse
and the client and the beliefs about health, illness,
society, nursing, and learning etc.

5. Nursing philosophers-some nursing
philosophers include-
•Hildegard Peplau
•Florence Nightingale
•Jean Watson.

6. Relationship between Philosophy and Education
Philosophy Education
❖It sets the ideas, principles,
goals, standards, values thus
it is in reality and truth.
❖It is the theoretical.
❖It is the contemplative side.
❖Determines what makes life
worth living .
❖It explains how to achieve the
goals through man's
educational efforts. Education
works out those values.
❖It is the practical.
❖It is active side (Dynamic).
❖Makes life worth living.

7. ❖Is speculative and idealistic
in nature.
❖It is an art.
❖Sets goals and essential of
a good Life.
❖Deals with abstract.
❖Deals with the ends.
❖Discusses values.
❖Is Pregenetic in nature.
❖It is the science.
❖Acquaints us with the
means of achieving these
goals.
❖Deals with concrete.
❖Deals with the means of
achieving those ends.
❖Is interested in educational
experiences and activities
that inculcate these values

8. PURPOSE OF PHILOSOPHY OF
NURSING EDUCATION:
•Philosophyhelpsyouidentifythevaluesand
theoriesthatshapethechoicesyoumakeeachday
•Philosophyhelpsnursestothinkmorecriticallyand
reflectonhowtheirownvaluesinfluencetheir
practiceandwayofbeing.
•Abetterunderstandingoftheimportanceof
philosophyinthenurses'worldisnotonlyrelevant
butvitaltoourdisciplineandprofessionalpractice.

9. FACTORS AFFECTING PHILOSOPHY OF NURSING
EDUCATION:
FACTORS
Beliefs &
values of the
faculty
philosophical
values &
beliefs the
institution
The
environment
Health need of
the society
Philosophy of
nursing service
administration
Culture &
background of
the people
Available
resources
Goal &
objectives of
health care
delivery system
Developments
in nursing

10. BRANCHES OF PHYLOSOPHY:
•METAPHYSICS -What is the nature of reality
• EPISTEMOLOGY -What is the nature of
knowledge
•AXIOLOGY - What is the nature of value

11. METAPHYSICS:
Metaphysics isa field of philosophy that is
generally focused on how reality and the universe
began.
EPISTEMOLOGY :
Epistemology isa second branch of Philosophy that
deals with the theory of problem of knowledge.
AXIOLOGY:
Axiology is athird branch of Philosophy which
studies values philosophically.

12. TYPES OF PHILOSOPHY:
TRADITIONAL
PHILOSOPHY
MODERN CONTEMPORARY
PHILOSOPHY
•Naturalism •Existentialism
•Idealism •Progressivism
•Pragmatism •Behaviourism
•Realism •Humanism
•Experimentalism
•Ecletism
•Reconstructionism

13. TRADITIONAL PHILOSOPHY
Naturalism:
It is concerned with nature and believes that reality and
nature are identical and beyond nature there is no reality.
For example, A nurse explaining a patient's chronic pain
by detailing the physiological mechanisms involved in
nerve damage, rather than attributing it to "bad karma" or
other non-scientific factors.

14. IDEALISM:
a nurse consistently prioritizing a patient's holistic well-
being.Idealism is the oldest philosophy. It believes that man is
the combinationof spiritual and material aspects, the spiritual
aspect is more real and important.
For example, Belief in the inherent dignity of every patient:
Treating all patients with respect and kindness regardless of
their background or health status.
Holistic Patient Assessment: Idealism encourages a holistic
approach to patient assessment. Nurses, influenced by idealistic
philosophy, consider not only physical symptoms but also
assess the mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of
patients to provide comprehensive care.

15. PRAGMATISM:
➢Pragmatism means thinking of or dealing with problems in a
practical way rather than by using theory or abstract
principles.
➢For example, A nurse is caring for an elderly patient with
chronic pain who is culturally sensitive to opioid medication.
Instead of automatically prescribing pain medication as per
protocol, the nurse engages in a conversation with the patient
to understand their preferences and explores alternative pain
management strategies like physiotherapy or relaxation
techniques, prioritizing the patient's comfort and autonomy.

16. REALISM:
According to this, things we see and perceive are
real and knowledge acquired through senses is true.
For example: Clinical rotations with diverse
patient populations: Exposing nursing students to a
variety of patients with different medical conditions
and socioeconomic backgrounds to prepare them for
real-world practice.

17. MODERN CONTEMPORARY PHILOSOPHY:
EXISTENTIALISM:
It is the youngest philosophy, described as modern 20 th
century philosophy.
Meaning: This philosophy stresses the important of human
experience and says that everyone is responsible for the
results of their own action.
For example:Actively listening to a patient's concerns and
validating their experiences, even if they seem insignificant to
others.
Encouraging nursing students to take responsibility for their
decisions and actions when caring for patients.

18. PROGRESSIVISM:
❖Progressivism is the theory of education that is
concerned with learning by doing that children learn
best when pursuing their own interest and satisfying
their needs.
For example, Utilizing technology to enhance patient
care.

19. BEHAVIOURISM:
❖Behaviorism is a philosophical and psychological theory that
focuses on how people learn through their interactions with their
environment.
▪For example, when a nurse educator provides positive
reinforcement, like verbal praise, to a student nurse for each correct
step taken during a procedure like aseptic dressing.
▪ when a nurse uses positive reinforcement to encourage a patient to
consistently follow their medication schedule, praising them each
time they take their medication on time, which increases the
likelihood of them continuing this behaviour in the future; this is
essentially "shaping" the desired behaviour through positive
feedback.

20. HUMANISM:
❖Humanism isa rational philosophy informed by science,
inspired by art, and motivated by compassion.
❖Holistic care: Considering the patient's physical,
emotional, and spiritual needs, not just focusing on their
medical diagnosis.
▪For example, A nurse sitting with a patient who is
anxious about upcoming surgery, holding their hand and
providing reassurance while explaining the procedure in
simple terms, addressing any specific concerns the
patient may have.

21. EXPERIMENTALISM:
❖It believes that things are constantly changing. It is based on the
view that reality is what works right now.
❖Man is a social being and product of his environment. Learning
depends on experiment.
For example, Data Collection: Researchers would collect data
on pain levels before and after the intervention to measure its
effectiveness.
Testing a new wound care dressing on a group of patients with
pressure ulcers to see if it promotes faster healing compared to
the standard dressing.

22. ECLECTICISM:
❖Eclecticism in nursing is a framework that uses mul-tiple theories
to create curriculum.
❖For example: Using relaxation techniques from mindfulness
practices alongside medication administration to manage anxiety
in a patient.
Using both cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) and
motivational interviewing techniques:
a nurse utilizing techniques from both cognitive behavioral
therapy (CBT) and motivational interviewing (MI) to help a
patient manage chronic pain.

23. RECONSTRUCTIONISM :
It is society-cantered philosophy. Reconstructionism is a
philosophy that uses education to change society.
Reconstructionism in nursing could involve preparing nurses
to be social change agents who address social inequities and
improve healthcare.
For example, Preparing nurses to be social change agents
Nurses could be prepared to address social issues like poverty,
violence, and health issues..

24. CONCLUSION:
The philosophy of nursing helps nurses think
critically, make decisions, and provide holistic care.
It also helps nurses understand human experiences
and develop a per-sonal approach to patient care.

25. THANK YOU