PHILOSOPHY OF ETHICS

DEONTOLOGY , TELEOLOGY

1. Philosophy of Ethics: Presented By Javeria Azam Roll No :13144 M.Phil Education Semester :1 Submitted to : Dr Naeem Ullah H.O.D : Department of Education Riphah International University Faisalabad Campus

2. Ethics: Ethics is branch of philosophy that involves, systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

3. Why Ethics ? 1. It is the breath of life . -It pulsates with the desire for growth and development . 2. It is master plan. - It indicates where man must go and what he/she Ought to do in order to live well.  

4. Ethical System 2 ethical systems ATHEISTIC APPROACH THEISTIC APPROACH 1 . Atheistic approach No god No religion Favor science Only humanity

5. 2.THEISTIC APPROACH God is Supreme Power Religion is important Reward and punishment according to religious beliefs.

6. DIVISIONS OF ETHICS People from different backgrounds often subscribe to varying forms of ethical standards and theories to differentiate between good and evil. These theories are usually divided into two major categories : Normative ethics Non-normative ethics. Normative ethics are prescriptive and substantive ; whereas , non-normative ethics are descriptive and analytical .

7. NORMATIVE ETHICS Normative ethics is the branch of ethics that makes judgements about obligation and value General Normative Theories Two broad categories: 1. Teleological ethical theories. 2. Deontological ethical theories.

8. TELEOLOGICAL THEORY . ( CONSEQUENTIALIST THEORY) Teleology’ literally means ‘the theory of ends or purposes.’ Accordingly, ‘the end justifies the means.’ These are also called Consequentialist theories. Aristotle (c. 384 – 322 B.C.), Presented this theory . Types of Teleological theory .( consequentialist theory) These can be divided mainly into three forms: Hedonism , Egoism, and Utilitarianism.

9. DEONTOLOGICAL THEORY. (NON-CONSEQUENTIALIST THEORY) No consequences. Deontological > noun ‘deontology;’ > refers to the theory or study of moral commitment Deontological theories maintain that the morality of an action depends on factors other than con Types of Deontological theory.(Non-Consequentialist theory ) There are four general types of deontological theory Agapism ( The love of God, poured by the Holy Spirit into our hearts, must be the constraining and determining factor of all actions.) Deontological Intuitionism (Certain types of actions, such as keeping promises, are always right unless situations like danger to life, arise demanding obligation towards still greater duties: here, saving a life. Nevertheless , moral laws are unchanging)

10. …… contd Moral-Conscience Theories ( Conscience determines what is necessarily right or wrong in a given situation regardless of the consequences) Formalism ( right is the rational willing of one’s duty for duty’s sake.)

11. Example

12. Example 2.

13. Difference between teleological and deontological theories.

14. 2. NON-NORMATIVE ETHICS non-normative ethics consists of either A factual investigation of moral behavior or An analysis of the meaning of the terms used in moral discourse and an examination of the moral reasoning by which moral beliefs can be shown to be true or false. two fields: scientific or descriptive study and Meta-Ethics .

15. … contd Descriptive Ethics / Scientific Ethics:  A type of non-normative ethics that simply reports what people believe, how they reason, and how they act. It quantifies what people believe about ethics? what people believe is good or bad. Also known as  comparative ethics , is the study of people's beliefs, values, behaviour about  morality . Meta Ethics:   It studies the meanings of such ethical terms as right, obligation, virtue, principle , justification, sympathy, morality, and responsibility. Meta-ethics : What does "right" even mean ? Why good is good ? and why bad is bad?

16. Summary. APPROACHES OF ETHICS ATHEISTIC THEISTIC (NO GOD ) (GOD EXISTS)

17. ….contd.

18. Thank you Questions or comments