Phobia

it is a presentation that discusses the topic "Phobia". Done by students of psychology class

1. Phobia (An inside look) Done by: Saffia Al Zoubi (215510634) Ghadeer Al- Kholaidi (214511257) Maisa Salem (211410501) Mahnoor Siddiqui (215510561) Fatima Alhamed (215410395)

2. What is phobia A phobia is an irrational and excessive fear of an object or situation . In most cases, the phobia involves a sense of endangerment or fear of harm.

3. The history of phobias The first written reference to phobic problems is in the works of the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates . He wrote about his patients . In one of his works Hippocrates  described a condition in a man named Nicanor . Whenever Nicanor went out at night, he would get terrified of the sound of flute. When the piper began to play, the music immediately threw him into such a great fright, (Oddly, the flute music only bothered Nicanor at night and, in the daylight he was fine .)

4. The difference between phobia and fear   Phobia Fear A phobia is similar to a fear with one key difference: the anxiety they experience is so strong that it interferes with their quality of life and/ or their ability to function A fear is an emotional response to a real or perceived threat. Fears are common in the population and are often normal -- or at least innocuous -- reactions to objects or events

5. Causes of phobias Phobias are more than just a simple fear and can be developed through childhood,   adolescence, or early adulthood what are the causes of phobia? phobias can be caused due  to either Genetics or environmental factors   other reasons for phobias can be :  Children with close relatives that have certain phobias like anxiety can make  the child develop  phobias in the future   When stressed  or pressured in certain events can also causes phobias  Being exposed to small spaces , extreme  heights and some kind of animals or insect bites can also be a source of phobias  

6. The symptoms of phobias are generally the same symptoms for every kind of phobia but may differ in one or two things. These symptoms can be either physical or psychological. The most common symptom is a feeling of anxiety or a panic attack but a person can still have a phobia of something and not experience these symptoms. A panic attack can result in a lot of other symptoms including: Sweating Heart palpitations A need to use the bathroom Numbness in any part of the body Chest tightness Stomachache or a feeling of nausea or vomiting Breathing hard An increase in blood pressure Physical Symptoms Symptoms of Phobias

7. Psychological Symptoms fear of losing control fear of losing consciousness feelings of fatigue And the most severe: fear of dying People exhibit these symptoms and have a phobia of something even though it does not portray any form of harm to other people and can be considered illogical to some. Other physical symptoms include : Not being able to function well in the presence of the thing that gives you phobia Trying to avoid that thing even if avoiding it is troublesome to one’s life Having irregular sleeping habits and interrupted body functions

8. Types of phobias FEAR OF “OPEN SPACES”, panic disorder Extreme fear of places or situations where escape is difficult or where help is unavailable. Effects:, avoid going out, stress, panic attacks, fear of being alone, depression EXAMPLE : CROWDED PLACES, AIRPLANES (TRANSPORTATION), home Agoraphobia

9. “social anxiety disorder” Excessive fear of social situations  embarrassment, judgments Effects: self consciousness, anxiety, limited interference, avoid others, low self-esteem 2nd most common type of anxiety disorder 3rd most common mental disorder in the USA Examples : fear of eating with people, public speaking, social contact in general Social phobia

10. Unreasonable, excessive fear of certain objects or situations in daily life Effects: intense anxiety, person’s ability to function Specific phobia

11. Chiclephobia Ataxophobia Galeophobia Arachnophobia Payprophobia Bacteriophobia Famous phobias

12. Diagnosis of phobias W hen a person is diagnosed with a certain phobia its either :    which is developed early in childhood between the ages of 4-8 . it can be developed because of a certain experience that grows the fear within them, and times passes till it turns into a fear (Phobia) . it is not necessarily a genetic cause sometimes an unpleasant event happened which left a mark on the child    from the name this type of phobia is a complicated type, because it is a combination of genetics , brain chemistry and  certain life experiences.  another cause of complex phobia can be found in the field of neuroscience. the brain sees certain images as scary or frighting , by that it sends a message to the brain which it starts to develop some kind of fear (Phobia) . Simple phobia : Complex phobia

13. Treatment of phobias How well phobia treatment will work depends partly on the severity of the phobia. Though some phobias are never completely cured, therapy can help many people learn to function effectively . Types of therapy include : Counter-Conditioning Psychotherapy Medication Some overcame their fears by attending phobia clinics and support groups

14. Counter-conditioning Some patients cannot handle flooding in any form, so an alternative classical conditioning technique is used called counter-conditioning (Watson, 1924). The patient is trained to substitute a relaxation response for the fear response in the presence of the phobic stimulus. Relaxation is incompatible with feeling fearful or having anxiety, so it is said that the relaxation response counters the fear response. For some phobias, desensitization therapy and relaxation techniques are very successful. This desensitization involves three steps: Teach relaxation techniques (e.g. slow breathing) Establish hierarchy of fear (low-high) Work up hierarchy, pairing each level with relaxation

15. Psychotherapy Treating social phobia usually involves gradual exposure to social situations, along with role-playing and rehearsal. Individuals are taught methods to reduce the anxiety they feel. They are also encouraged to be less critical of themselves. The best treatment for agoraphobia is to gradually move the phobic person into the places and situations that trigger anxiety. By taking small steps each day – with the company of a trusted person - a sufferer eventually learns to cope with situations that once caused intense fear. This way of treatment is most often used in a systematic way to very gradually introduce the feared stimulus in a step-by-step fashion known as systematic desensitization , first used by Joseph Wolpe (1958) Relaxation techniques, and regular deep breathing help to overcome anxiety during treatment.

16. Medication The therapist may sometimes decide that medications will help. In the treatment of phobias, medications are used in conjunction with therapy and may not necessarily be a part of initial treatment. Antidepressants reuptake inhibitors like paroxetine or antianxiety, can be especially helpful in the treatment of social phobia and preventing panic attacks that take part in phobias such as agoraphobia. This way, the patients can deal with the problem itself without having to deal with the panic attacks that come from it Short-term treatment may also include sedative-hypnotic drugs can relieve anxiety but may be habit-forming and cause drowsiness. Therefore, they may not be the best choice when long-term symptom control is needed, or when one has to be fully alert and perform certain tasks such as driving or operating machines. Beta-blockers are also sometimes given lessen the fear response. Finally, some anticonvulsant medicines such as Neurontin and Lyrica have been shown in early research studies to have value for several forms of social phobia including anxiety disorder

17. Phobias Statistics Percentage of people who have one or more phobias in a given year (US population) 4%-5% Percentage of people who have at least one specific phobia in their lifetime (adults and children) 16% and 5% respectively Percentage of specific phobias that are severe, modest, and benign 9%, 30%, and 48.1% respectively Percentage of people with social phobia who seek treatment 23% Percentage of people who suffer from claustrophobia 5% to 7% Percentage of the people in the world who suffer from social phobia between the ages of 15 and 20 3% Things that are feared but are considered trivial 90% Number of people who have a diagnosed phobia (US population) 6.3 million Number of phobias in the world that are known to psychologists 400

18. Facts on Phobias Women are more likely to have animal phobia and social phobia than men Majority of the people with specific phobias don’t seek treatment. Phobias are linked to the amygdala and this is what triggers the release of the fight or flight hormone Agoraphobia can make it extremely difficult for a person to leave their house. Agoraphobia often develops after having one or more panic attacks.

19. Anatidaephobia is the fear that a duck somewhere somehow is watching you Omphalophobia is the fear of bellybuttons Turophobia is the fear of cheese Coulrophobia is the fear of clowns Tripophobia is the fear of tiny holes in irregular patterns Koutaliaphobia is the fear of spoons World’s most unusual phobias

20. Short clip of phobia Thank you

21. Task distribution Saffia Al Zoubi (ID: 215510634): T he symptoms of phobia, statistics and facts, world’s most unusual phobias, and compiling the information into one presentation Ghadeer Al- kholaidi (ID: 214511257): T he treatment of phobia Maisa S alem (ID: 211410501): C auses and diagnosis of phobia Mahnoor Siddiqui (ID: 215510561): T ypes of phobias, famous phobias, and short clip of phobia Fatima Alhamed (ID: 215410395): W hat is phobia, history of phobia, and difference between phobia and fear

22. References K. C. (2016, May 9). What Are the Different Types of Phobias? Retrieved from https://www.verywell.com/what-is-a-phobia-2795454 Adapted from The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Phobias, copyright 2009, by Greg Korgeski , Ph.D . R . C., Ph.D. (2012, June 16). The Difference Between Phobia and Fear. Retrieved from http:// www.huffingtonpost.ca/roger-covin/phobia-and-fear_b_1596640.html http://www.phobics-society.org.uk/causes-of-phobias / http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Phobias/Pages/Symptoms.aspx http://chealth.canoe.com/Condition/GetCondition/Phobias http://psychcentral.com/lib/facts-about-phobias/ (By national institute of mental health http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-37000/Trapped-web-phobias.html (By Michael Hanlon) http://factsd.com/phobia-facts/ (By Kristoff Bella ) http://www.healthline.com/health/phobia-simple-specific#Overview1 http ://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/specific-phobias http ://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder?page=2#1 http ://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiety-disorder http ://www.nickiswift.com/3628/celebrities-weird-phobias / http://phobialist.com/treat.html http://www.helpguide.org/articles/anxiety/therapy-for-anxiety-disorders.htm http:// www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/understanding-phobias-treatment