Phobia or Anxiety disorder of people .pptx

Past incidents or traumas. Certain situations might have a lasting effect on how you feel about them. For example, if you experienced a lot of turbulence on a plane at a young age, you might develop a phobia of flying. Or if you were injured by a dog some years ago, you might develop a phobia of dogs.

1. MS.DIVYA M.SC (N) LECTURER DEPEARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH NURSING GANGA COLLEGE OF NURSING

2. Introduction 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com A phobia is an uncontrollable, irrational, and lasting fear of a certain object, situation, or activity. This fear can be so overwhelming that a person may go to great lengths to avoid the source of this fear. cont....

3. Phobic reaction results in a disruption of the person’s ability to function in life. Phobias are very common mental disorders & approximately 5 to 10% of the population is affected with phobia. cont....

4. Classification 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com ICD-10 , includes phobic anxiety disorders under the broad group of neurotic. According to DSM – IV agoraphobia, specific phobia and social phobia

5. Other types of phobias Glossophobia : This is known as performance anxiety, or the fear of speaking in front of an audience. Acrophobia: This is the fear of heights. People with this phobia avoid mountains, bridges, or the higher floors of buildings. Symptoms include vertigo, dizziness, sweating, and feeling as if they’ll pass out or lose consciousness. cont....

6. Claustrophobia: This is a fear of enclosed or tight spaces. Severe claustrophobia can be especially disabling if it prevents you from riding in cars or elevators. Aviophobia: This is also known as the fear of flying. Dentophobia: Dentophobia is a fear of the dentist or dental procedures. This phobia generally develops after an unpleasant experience at a dentist’s office. cont...

7. Hemophobia: This is a phobia of blood or injury. A person with hemophobia may faint when they come in contact with their own blood or another person’s blood. Arachnophobia : This means fear of spiders. Cynophobia: This is a fear of dogs. Ophidiophobia : People with this phobia fear snakes.

8. Epi d emiolo g y 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Specific phobia is the most common mental disorder among women and the second most common in men. The 12 month prevalence of specific phobia is 7,000-9,000 per 100,000 (7%-9%) of the overall population. cont....

9. Life time prevalence of agoraphobia - 0.6 to 6%. half of the agoraphobic patients have panic disorder. Age of onset is usually in childhood and adolescence.

10. Etiology 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Behavioral Factors Stimulus response model Operant Conditioning Theory Past incidents or traumas. Certain situations might have a lasting effect on how you feel about them. cont.....

11. B.Psychoanalytic Theories According to it the major function of anxiety is a signal to the ego, that a forbidden unconscious drive is pushing for conscious expression, thus altering the ego to strengthen and marshal its defenses against the threatening instinctual force. cont....

12. e 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com C. Genetic-Environmental Factors The subtypes of phobias can be place along an etiologic continuum. At one end of this continuum lies agoraphobia and at the other end of this continuum lie the simple phobias.

13. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Clinical Features: A. physical symptoms Sweating Trembling Hot flushes or chills Shortness of breath or Difficulty breathing A choking sensation Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) Pain or tightness in the chest cont.....

14. A sensation of butterflies in the stomach Nausea Headaches and dizziness Feeling faint Numbness or pins and needles Dry mouth A need to go to the toilet Ringing in your ears Confusion or disorientation cont...

15. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com B. Psychological symptoms In severe cases, you may also experience psychological symptoms, such as: Fear of losing control Fear of fainting Feelings of dread Fear of dying

16. Differential Diagnosis Common for social and specific phobia Appropriate fear and normal shyness Non-psychiatric medical conditions (Central nervous system tumors, cerebro-vascular disease) Use of substances like hallucinogens. Schizophrenia Panic disorder Agoraphobia cont....

17. Specific Phobia Hypochondriasis Obsessive compulsive disorder Paranoid personality disorder Social phobia Major depressive disorder Schizoid personality disorder

18. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Course and Prognosis: Agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder is often incapacitating and chronic. Depressive disorders and alcohol dependence often complicate the course of agoraphobia. cont...

19. As social phobia and specific phobia are relatively new diagnoses, little is known about their course and prognosis. The development of associated substance related disorders can also adversely affect the course and the prognosis of the disorders.

20. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Treatment Psychotherapy:- Insight-oriented psychotherapy enables the patient to understand the origin of the phobia, the phenomena of secondary gain and the role of resistance, and enables the patient to seek healthy way of dealing with anxiety provoking stimuli. cont....

21. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Cognitive-behavior therapy The therapy and various techniques of behavior therapy like desensitization, flooding and social skill training are used. cont...

22. The key aspects of successful behavior therapy are: The patient’s commitment to treatment, Clearly identified problems and objectives, and Available alternative strategies for copying with the patient’s feelings. cont....

23. In the special situation of blood/injection/injury phobia, some therapists recommend patients to tense their bodies during the exposure to help avoid possibility of fainting from vaso-vagal reaction to phobic stimulation.

24. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Pharmacotherapy For generalized type or social phobia, Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine, Clonazepam, Alprazolam, Moclobemide and Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (possibly) cont....

25. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com Phenelzine is superior to atenolol and somewhat more than moclobemide. Patients treated with phenelzine are none improved on measure of work and social disability.

26. 30/04/2015 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com The treatment of social phobia associated with performance situation frequently involves use of b-adrenergic antagonists atenolol and propranolol.

27. conclusion Phobias cause people to worry about, dread, feel upset by, and avoid the things or situations they fear because the physical sensations of fear can be so intense. So having a phobia can interfere with normal activities.

28. THANK YOU

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