PHOBIC ANXIETY DISORDER

A phobia is an excessive and irrational fear reaction. If you have a phobia, you may experience a deep sense of dread or panic when you encounter the source of your fear. The fear can be of a certain place, situation, or object. Unlike general anxiety disorders, a phobia is usually connected to something specific

1. PRESENTED BY
MRKALYANKUMAR MSC(N)
Phobia

2. Introduction
▪Anxietyisavaguefeelingofdreador
apprehension;itisaresponsetoexternalor
internalstimulithatcanhavebehavioural,
emotional,cognitiveandphysicalsymptoms.
Anxietyisdistinguishedfromfear,whichis
feelingafraidorthreatenedbyaclearly
identifiable,externalstimulusthatrepresents
dangertotheperson.

3. Definition
▪Phobiaisanunreasonablefearofspecific
object,activityorsituation.
(OR)
▪Phobiaisdefinedasapersistentavoidance
behavioursecondarytoirrationalfearofa
specificobject,activityorsituation.

4. Incidence
▪Anestimated19millionAmericanshavea
phobiathatcausesdifficultyinsomeareaof
theirlives.
▪Socialphobiaisthemostcommonofall
phobias
▪Specificphobiaoccursin2.4to9.2%of
childrenandadolescents,withusualonset
between5and13yearsofage.

5. Causes
▪Geneticandenvironmentalfactorscancause
phobias.
▪Childrenwhohaveacloserelativewithanxiety
disorderareatriskofdevelopingphobias.
▪Peoplewithongoingmedicalconditionsor
healthconcernsoftenhavephobias.
▪There’sahighincidenceofpeopledeveloping
phobiasaftertraumaticbraininjuries,
substanceabuseanddepression.

6. Types of Phobia

7. Specific phobia
▪Itisanirrationalfearofspecificobjector
stimulus.Specificphobiasarecommonin
childhood.Byearlyteenagemostofthese
fearsarelost,butafewpersisttilladultlife.

8. Examples of some specific phobias
▪Acrophobia -Fear of heights
▪Hematophobia-Fear of sight of blood
▪Claustrophobia-Fear of closed spaces

9. ▪Gamophobia-Fear of marriage
▪Insectophobia-Fear of insects
▪AIDS phobia-Fear of AIDS

10. ▪Zoophobia-Fear of animals
▪Micro phobia-Fear of germs
▪Brontophobia-Fear of thunder
▪Algophobia-Fear of pain

11. Signs and symptoms of Specific phobia
▪Lossofcontrol
▪Fainting
▪Avoidanceofactivitiesinvolvingfeared
stimulus.
▪Anxietywhenthinkingaboutstimulus
▪Worrywithanticipatoryanxiety
▪Impairedworkfunction

12. Social phobia
▪Itisanirrationalfearofperformingactivities
inthepresenceofotherpeopleorinteracting
withothers.

13. Signs and Symptoms of Social phobia
▪Hyperventilation
▪Sweating, cold and clammy hands
▪Blushing
▪Palpitations
▪Confusion

14. ▪Gastrointestinalsymptoms
▪Urinary urgency
▪Muscle tension
▪Anticipatory anxiety
▪Fear

15. ▪Anticipatoryanxietyoccurswellinadvanceof
aparticularsituationsuchasPublicspeechor
Socialevent.Theaddedanxietyresultsin
actualorPerceivedfailureinthesituation,
leadingtoembarrassmentandfurtheranxiety.

16. AgoraPhobia
▪Itischaracterizedbyanirrationalfearofbeingin
placesawayfromthefamiliarsettingofhome,in
crowdsorinsituationsthatpatientcan’tleave
easily.
▪AsAgoraphobiaincreasesinseverity,thereisa
gradualrestrictioninnormaldaytoday
activities.SeverecasesPersonbecomesself
imprisonedathome.

17. Signs and Symptoms
▪Overridingfearofopenorpublicspace
▪Avoidanceofpublicplaces
▪Fear
▪Drymouth
▪Shortnessofbreath
▪Rapidspeechorinabilitytospeak

18. Diagnosis
▪History collection
▪Diagnosis confirmed if ICD 10 criteria met.

19. Treatment
Pharmacotherapy
▪Benzodiazepines(Alprazolam,Clonazepam,
Lorazepam,Diazepam).
▪Antidepressants(Imipramine,Sertraline)
❖CognitiveBehaviourtherapy
❖Psychotherapy

20. Nursing management
▪FocusonPhysicalsymptoms,precipitating
factorsandavoidancebehaviourassociatedwith
phobia
▪Duringtheassessmentofpatientswithhigh
levelsofanxietythenurseshouldmake
observationsofthoughtprocess,affect,
communication,psychomotorandphysiological
responses.

21. ▪TheNurseshouldusedirectivequestionsto
elicitsubjectiveinformationabouthowthe
patientiscurrentlyfeelingandwhathappened
beforetheonsetofsymptoms
▪Askthepatientaboutothersomaticsymptoms
suchasfatigue,muscleaches,eatingpatterns,
Bowelhabitsandsleepingpatterns
▪Assessforcommunicationpattern
▪Assessforsocialsupportsystem.

22. ▪Summary
▪Conclusion