phycoremediation-3.pptx

It has several waste water treatment technique using algae

1. PHYCOREMEDIATION MICROALGAL TECHNOLOGY Prepared by N. SOWNTHARYA, I – M SC MICROBIOLOGY, VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, SAN k A GI RI , SALEM,TAMILNADU Guidance by Dr. R. DINESHKUMAR , ASSISTANT PROFESSOR , DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY , VIVEKANANDHA ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN, SANKAGIRI , SALEM , TAMILNADU.

2. CONTENTS; INTRODUCTION CONVENTIONAL OF BIOREMEDIATION AND PHYCOREMEDIATION APPLICATION OF PHYCOREMEDIATION PHYCOREMEDIATION OF VARIES WASTES DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

3. INTRODUCTION   Phycoremediation   can be defined as the use of microalgae or macroalgae for sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2),  or  for the removal of toxic and          non toxic  substances from solid, liquid or gaseous wastes, where the organisms do so by metabolic uptake, accumulation or biotransformation processes.   The term   phycoremediation   was first coined by John (2002) to refer to the remediation carried out by algae.  However, the use of algae in the remediation of wastewater has been in vogue for nearly 50 years.

4. The first description of this application being reported by oswald, cosidered one of the pioneers in biological treatment of wastewater. Phycoremediation utilizes both micro and macroalgae to remove or biotransform   toxic pollutants , including nutrients and xenobiotics from wastewater.  It is environment friendly and also resolves the problems associated with conventional remediation methods.

5. CONVENTIONAL OF BIOREMEDIATION AND PHYCOREMEDIATION Bioremediation, is refers to the treatment of wastes using living systems, including microorganisms, plants and animals.  P hycoremediation is being recently identified as a unique technology.  All bioremediation systems, use of bacteria is more common, which is now widely regarded as conventional bioremediation technology.   phycoremediation , which has recently gained prominence, offers lots of advantages over conventional bioremediation systems

6. PHYCOREMEDIATION BIOREMEDIATION IN PARTICULAR  BACTIRIAL TREATMENT METHODS Some microalgal strains are capable of growing in multiple modes of nutrition such as autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic, thereby making them versatile in removing wide range of pollutants. Algal biomass is highly suitable for liquid bio-fuel production such as ethanol and biocrude/biodiesel . The technology is robust, and the algae can withstand high range of pH . Even though high-efficiency organisms are used, most of them remove organic load. Energy consumption can be high, e.g. in sur-face aeration or indiffused aeration system . Bacterial biomass usually undergoes anaerobic   digestion . The systems are very sensitive to pH ranges .

7. APPLICATION OF PHYCOREMEDIATION Nitrogen and phosphorus removal Removal of organic load  Removal of anions /cations PH correction Pesticide removal

8. PHYCOREMEDIATION OF VARIOUS WASTES Domestic wastewater treatment Industrial wastewater treatment DOMESTIC WASTE WATER TREATMENT Domestic wastewater is a combination of water and other wastes originating from homes, commercial and industrial facilities and institutions.  Untreated wastewater generally contains alarming levels of organic matter, numerous pathogenic microorganisms as well as nutrients and toxic compounds.

9. The untreated domestic wastewater represents an ideal medium for microalgal growth . I t contains high concentrations of all necessary nutrients such as organic carbon, ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. Microalgae offer a low-cost and effective approach to remove excess nutrients . Many microalgae have been reported to be suitable for domestic wastewater treatments such as C. vulgaris , Micratinium sp , Desmodesmus sp., Scenedesmus obliquus , Scenedesmus acutus

10. POLLUTED RIVER WATER TREATMENT

11. POND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

12. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT Phycoremediation has been gaining attention due to its mutual benefit in wastewater treatment and for valuable algae biomass production. Wastewater, especially sewage and industrial effluents, is rich in pathogenic organisms, organic and inorganic compounds and heavy metals. Industrial waste water treatment describe the process used for treating waste water that is produced by industries as an undesirable by product. Industrial wastewaters from, - Textile/Dyeing industry - Food Industry - Tanneries / chemical Industry - Pharmaceutical Industry etc.

13. Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater : Physical characteristics Total solids Odors Temperature Color Turbidity 2.   Chemical Characteristics Organic Matter :                  Presence of these  substances has complicated industrial wastewater treatment,                                   - Fats, oils and grease                                   -Phenols                                   -Pesticides & agricultural chemicals                                  

14. Parameters of organic content           -  Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)                -  Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Inorganic matter                - Nitrogen & phosphorus                - Sulfur                -  Heavy metals 3 . Biological characteristics         Some industries have certain pathogenic organisms like slaughterhouses others have mold and fungi as starch and yeast factories. Biological information is needed to assess the degree of treatment of the waste water before its discharge to the environment.

15. Textiles/Dyeing Industry Textile and dyeing industry effluents have been increasing proportionally making it one of the main sources of severe pollution problems across the globe . The wastewater is generated from the various processing units of textile industries such as , - desizing, scouring, - bleaching, mercerizing, - dyeing, printing and packing units. The major parameters that need to be removed/reduced in the textile industry effluent are ,

16. - pH, electrical conductivity, - C hloride, sulphate, phenols, - D issolved solids BOD & COD and other toxic Substance. 2005 reported the algae have very high potential to degrade dye effluents and the reduction appears to be related to the molecular structure of dyes and the species of algae used. It was also reported that more than 30 azo compounds wer e biodegraded and decolorized by C. pyrenoidosa ,C. vulgaris and Oscillatoria tenuis . C olour removal of textile dyeing wastewater using Chroococcus sp., Chlorococcum sp., Desmococcus sp. a nd cosmarium sp.

17. Tanneries and chemical industries produce huge amounts of effluents , during production processes, which contain a wide variety of inorganic and organic pollutants, including toxic substances . Microalgae-based treatment methods are preferred particularly due to high binding affinity for heavy metals. Microalgae have high potential to absorb, entrap and volatilize heavy metals from wastewaters, and the separation of metal-saturated algae from the medium is also an economical method . Tanneries &chemical industries

18. F ood-processing industry is one of the rapidly growing industries that have oc cupied worldwide global market in terms of increasing economy. During food production/processing, tons of portable water is used, which in turn results in huge amounts of wastewater, apart from the water being used for washing and sterilizing vessels. The ef fl uent is rich in total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphate with a high range of COD, which may result in major environmental issues. Food Industry

19. Many food industries use conventional biological treatment systems using microorganisms to reduce parameters such as COD. Although bacterial systems can clean up food industry wastewater ef fi ciently, microalgae are considered as a more potential alternative. High rates of nutrient removal by algae have been reported with mono cultures of cyanobacteria such as Spirulina .

20. Pharmaceutical Industry Industry Pharmaceutical industries, during the drug-manufacturing process, use lot of water,naturalraw materials such as plant extracts and complex constituents of alkaloids,heavy metals and solvents. It is extremely important to use eco-friendly treatment technologies . because of the nature of the pharmaceutical effluents. Vanerkar (2015) evaluated the toxicity of herbal pharmaceutical wastewater after its treatment with the green microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda.

21. Physico-chemical characteristics such as pH, COD, BOD, total solids, sodium, potassium and heavy metals were significantly reduced after the treatment. Based on the experimental result of a pharmaceutical industry that the waste water treatment using Spirulina was very effective. There was a massive reduction in BOD and COD by 73% and 70% respectively.

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