phyllosphere microorganisms powerpoint ppt

phyllosphere microorganisms

1. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS PRESENTED BY PRANZLY

2. CONTENT DEFINITION OF PHYLLOSPHERE PARTS OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISM OF PHYLLOSPHERE PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF STEM (CAULOSPHERE) PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF LEAVES(PHYLLOPLANE) PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FLOWER (ANTHOSPHERE) PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FRUIT(CARPOSPHERE) FACTORS INFLUENCING MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ACTIVITIES POSITIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS NEGATIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS

3. The aerial part or areas of the plant that are above the ground, such as the leaves, stems, and flowers, serve as phyllosphere and serve as a habitat for various microorganisms. Microbes can colonize and develop their relationships with plants, typically epiphytes, in the phyllosphere. With huge surface areas and a variety of microbial communities, leaves make up a significant microbial habitat.

4. MICROORGANISM OF PHYLLOSPHERE Many types of microbial communities, such as bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts, algae, and protozoans, have essential habitats in the phyllosphere. microorganisms exhibit commensalism or mutualism (symbionts) or antagonism type of relationship on their host plants four major species of bacteria such as Proteobacteria , Firmicutes , Bacteroides , and Actinobacteria

5. yeast genera such as Cryptococcus , Rhodotorula , Sporobolomyces Alternaria , Penicillium , Cladosporium , Acremonium , Mucor , and Aspergillus are the frequent filamentous fungi colonizing as epiphytes and endophytes. Bacteria found in the phyllosphere include Methylibium , Hyphomicrobium , Methylocella , Proteobacteria , Actinobacteria , Bacteroidetes , Massilia , Flavobacterium , Pseudomonas , and Rathayibacter

6. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF STEM (CAULOSPHERE) The caulosphere is a wooden aerial plant part which harbors a large groups of microorganisms. not ideal habitat for many microorganisms because the surface of the stem is hydrophobic as a result of the chitin and wax covering. They need adaptation techniques to withstand the change in temperature and moisture content Saccharomyces, Candida, Hanseniaspora and Lachancea are the common fungal inhabitants. Bacteria like Pseudomonas, Proteobacteria, and Flavobacterium.

7. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF LEAVES (PHYLLOPLANE) The arrangement of leaf epidermal cells determines the leaf physiology and the microenvironment, which allow the abundance and distribution of microorganisms on the leaf surface. Epiphytes make biofilm-like growth , preferably in the form of larger bacterial aggregates on the trichomes, veins, and epidermal cell groves, along with the leaf exudates, creating a nutrient-rich region . Bacteria are the most abundant inhabitants of the phylloplane Fungal communities in the phyllosphere in temperate regions are hypervariable , exhibit greater diversity in the phyllosphere of tropical trees. The types of microorganisms inhabiting the phylloplane region also depend on the type of plant species.

8. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FLOWERS (ANTHOSPHERE) Fungal population are more diverse in flowers than bacteria The floral components are pollen, nectar, sepals, petals, stamens, style, ovary, and stigmas, act as short-span microsites for the colonization of microorganisms. Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter ( Proteobacteria ), Metschnikowia ( Ascomycota ), and Cryptococcus ( Basidiomycota ) Fungi identified as pestalotiopsis disseminate, phomopsis , and coelomycete sp. are also isolated from some medicinal flowers of the temperate region.

9. PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS OF FRUITS (CARPOSPHERE) Fruit skin inhabits diverse groups of microbes, encompassing both bacteria and fungi. The entry of microorganisms inside the fruit is comparatively less frequent due to the presence of a tough, waterproof covering the type of microorganisms present on the fruit depends on the chemical composition of the fruit. Lemons and O range harbor a large number of Yeasts while Grapes and Apples have a higher number of Bacterial cells

10. FACTORS INFLUENCING MICROBIAL GROWTH AND ACTIVITIES LIGHT Bacteria and fungi utilize sunlight to produce different chemical products that promote their growth and plant growth TEMPERATURE Temperature fluctuations are observed with the changes in day and night regimes in the phyllosphere region MICROBE-MICROBE INTERACTIONS could be cooperation, parasitism, and competition. PLANT SPECIES nutrient content of the fruits, flowers, and stems affect the growth and activities of the microbiome present on the plants.

11. POSITIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS

12. NEGATIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLOSPHERE MICROORGANISMS