Physical and chemical properties of matter

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

1. Physical and Chemical Properties Holt: Ch 2, Sect 2 and 3 Fusion: Unit 3, Lessons 2 and 3

2. What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and volume States of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist What are the states of matter? Solid Liquid Gas

3. Physical Properties of Matter A physical property of matter can be observed without changing the matter’s identity. Examples of physical properties: color, odor, mass, volume, magnetism, ability to conduct electric current, strength and flexibility

4. More examples of physical properties Thermal conductivity- the rate at which a substance transfers heat. State- is the physical form in which a substance exists such as solid, liquid, gas. Density- the mass per unit volume of a substance Solubility- the ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance Ductility- the ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire Malleability- ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets

5. NOT physical properties Never use weight, shape or size to describe matter

6. Density revisited The density of a substance is unique to that substance Determines if a substance will sink or float H 2 O has density of 1 g/mL, any substance with a density greater than 1 g/mL will sink, less than 1 g/mL will float Liquid substances will create layers depending on densities

7. Physical Change Actually making the change A change in matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties In other words, physical changes do not change the identity of the matter

8. Examples of physical properties and physical changes Physical Property Boiling Point Freezing Point Melting Point Condensation Point Evaporation Point Ductile Malleable Solubility electric conductivity Physical Change Boiling Freezing Melting Condensing Evaporating Stretching into wire Hammer into sheet Dissolving Moving electricity

9. Continued… Physical Property Flexibility State at room temp Brittle Magnetism Thermal conductivity Color Odor Shiny Dull Hardness density Physical Change Bending Change of state Shattering Magnetic conduction Moves thermal energy

10. Chemical Properties Chemical property – a property of matter that describes a substances ability to participate in chemical reactions Examples of chemical properties Flammability – ability to burn Reactivity with acid Reactivity with water Reactivity with oxygen Reactivity with other elements

11. Reactivity is the ability of two or more substances to chemical combine and form one or more new substances Characteristic properties-properties that remain the same no matter the size of the matter Characteristic properties can be both physical, such as solubility and density and chemical such as flammability and reactivity

12. Chemical Change Chemical change-when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties Chemical changes are the process by which substances actually change into new substances Chemical properties describe which chemical changes will occur.

13. Chemical Changes Signs that indicate a chemical change : color change, odor change, production of thermal energy (heat), production of cold, fizzing, foaming, bubbling Sound produced, light being given off Precipitate formed (solid) Oxidation (rust, tarnishing)

14. Chemical changes change the identity of the matter therefore is very difficult to undo Composition -type of matter and the way the matter is arranged To determine if a physical or chemical change has happened, ask yourself, did the composition of the matter change EX: H 2 O is 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom whether it is a solid, liquid or a gas.

15. Difference between physical and chemical properties Physical Can be observed without changing the identity of the substance No reaction takes place Chemical Not easily observed and changes the substances into something new A reaction takes place