Physical Environment & Health lecture 200L.pptx

Environmental care

1. Physical Environment & Health OGUNYEMI R.A (DR)

2. Objectives

3. Outlines Introduction/Definitions of terms Health Determinants Health & Physical Environment Hazards Recommendations

4. Definition of Health Health is defined as the complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not just the absence of disease or infirmity - WHO

5. What is Environment? Environment is the space and the contents of that space. It is a sum total of all the living and non-living elements and their effects that affect human life. It includes the physical, social and biological

6. Environment

7. Physical Environment It includes land, air, water, buildings, waste, radiation and all of the natural resources Air Land Water

8. Social environment Customs, habit, culture, income, occupation, religion

9. Biological environment Plants animals including bacteria, virus, insects …..

10. Determinants of Health Include The social & economic factors Physical Environment The person’s individual characteristics & behavior

11. The physical environment has: Influence on health greater than any other determinant of health Much of man’s ill health can be traced to adverse environmental factors such as air, water and soil pollution, poor housing conditions, animal reservoirs of infection Environmental health practice deals with the relationship between environment and health

12. Physical Environmental Hazards Air pollution Water pollution Noise Radiation Heat / cold Vibration/Pressure Housing Waste Climate change

13. Health problems associated with physical environment

14. AIR

15. Air is: The immediate environment of man upon which life depends Air is polluted by : - respiration of man and animals - combustion of coal, gases, oil - decomposition of organic matter - trade, traffic, manufacturing process

16. Effects of Air pollution cough, difficulty breathing, asthma, chest pain, shortness of breath, lung cancer, pneumonia, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, bronchitis, emphysema Destruction of plant and animal life

17. Water pollution Safe and wholesome water should be free from: - pathogenic agents - harmful chemical substances - pleasant to the taste (free from colour , odour ) - fit for domestic purposes Contaminants of water may be Natural ( dissolved gases or minerals) or Man-made

18. Effects of water pollution cholera, diarrhea, vomiting, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, polio, intestinal worm infestations - malnutrition water borne diseases ( Giadiasis , E.coli, Cryptosporidiosis, amoebiasis , guinea worm) Water shortage: trachoma, scabies Insects breeding in or near water: trypanosomiasis, malaria

19. Noise : Unwanted sound Effects can be auditory noise-induced hearing loss, hearing impairment, deafness, non-auditory sleep disturbance, stress, fatigue, depression, high blood pressure, anxiety, gastritis, colitis, headaches, cardiovascular disease

20. Radiation Sources could be natural (cosmic) or man-made (x-rays) Effects include: acute radiation syndrome, Radiation sickness cutaneous radiation injuries, cancers, infertility, dermatitis, burns, Chromosomal mutation (cellular damage) cataract, blood dyscrasia

21. Heat/Cold Heat heat stroke, syncope, heat rash, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, Heat hyperpyrexia Cold hypothermia, frost bite Trench foot Loss of sensation Coma

22. Vibration/Pressure carpel tunnel syndrome, fatigue, loss of balance, headache, lower back pain, motion sickness, hand-arm vibration sickness, Reynaud’s syndrome of occupational origin, numbness, pain, sleep disorders, tremor

23. Housing Poor housing conditions, over crowding… Diseases include: - respiratory infections - rat infestation – plague, lassa fever - skin infection – impetigo, leprosy - accidents - psychological effect

24. Waste Waste could be solid waste or sewage Health hazards with improper handling include: - chemical waste : cancers, organ damage or failure, weakening of immune system, development of allergies, birth defects, infertility, food poisoning, mental illness, skin disease, skin irritation, tearing eyes, headaches, itchy throats/nose/eyes - Occupational hazards: respiratory diseases (cough, asthma, pneumonia), cardiovascular system (– heart disease), Circulatory (- cancers), nervous system (– tremors), digestive system – vomiting, diarrhea, Urinary system – schistosomiasis, UTIs ,musculoskeletal system( – myalgia)  

25. Climate change under-nutrition, malnutrition global warming, heat exhaustion, flooding, displacement of individuals, injuries, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, infectious disease, mental illness, allergies, poisoning,

26. Health Risks Associated with the Physical Environment: DISCUSS

27. Questions