Physical Examination.pptx

Physical Examination.pptx

1. DEFINITION Health examination Health examination is the systematic assessment of human body which involves the use of one’s senses to determine the general physical and mental conditions of the body

2. Physical examination Physical examination is defined as a complete assessment of a patient’s physical and mental status. A physical assessment is the systematic collection of objective information that is directly observed or is elicited through examination techniques

3. Indication of health examination On admission On discharge On follow up Before and after diagnostic and therapeutic procedure.

4. TECHNIQUE OF PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT

5. Inspection It’s the use of vision to distinguish the normal from the abnormal findings. Body parts are inspected to identify color, shape, symmetry, movement, pulsation and texture .

6. INSPECTION

7. GENERAL INSPECTION OF A CLIENT FOCUSES ON Overall appearance of health or illness Signs of distress Facial expression and mood Body size Grooming and personal hygiene

8. Principals of inspection Availability of adequate light Position and expose body part to view all surfaces Inspect each area for size, shape, color, symmetry, Position and abnormalities. If possible compare each area inspected with the same area on the opposite side. Use additional light to inspect body cavities.

9. Palpation It involves use of hands to touch body parts for data collection. The nurse uses fingertips and palms to determine the size, shape, and configuration of underlying body structure and pulsation of blood vessels. It help to detect the outline of organs such as thyroid, spleen or liver and mobility of masses. It detects body temperature, moisture, turgor, texture, tenderness, thickness, and distention .

10.   PALPATION

11. PRINCIPLES OF PALPATION You should have short fingernails. You should warm your hands prior to placing them on the patient. Encourage the patient to continue to breathe normally throughout the palpation. If pain is experienced during the palpation. discontinue the palpation immediately. Inform the patient where, when, and how the touch will occur, especially when the patient cannot see what you are doing.

12. LIGHT PALPATION

13. DEEP PALPATION

14. Percussion It is the technique in which one or both hands are used to strike the body surface to produce a sound called percussion note that travels through body tissue. The character of the sound determines the location, size and density of underlying structure to verify abnormalities. An abnormal sound suggest a mass or substance like air, fluid in an organ or cavity .

15. PERCUSSION

16. TYPE OF PERCUSSION DIRECT PERCUSSION

17. INDIRECT PERCUSSION

18. Auscultation It involves listening to sounds and a stethoscope is mostly used . Various body systems like cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal have characterized sounds. Bowel, breath, heart and blood movement sounds are heard using the stethoscope. It is important to know the normal sound to distinguish from abnormal.

19. AUSCULTATION

20. FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF SOUND Pitch (ranging from high and low) Loudness (ranging from soft to loud) Quality (gurgling or swishing) Duration (short, medium or long )

21. Preparation for physical exam Infection prevention Follow IP precaution through out procedure Environment P/A requires privacy and away from other destructors throughout Equipment Get all the necessary equipment, other equipment needs to be warmed before being placed on the body e.g. rubbing diaphragm of the stethoscope briskly between hands .

22. Patient preparation Prepare the patient physically and make the patient comfortable throughout the physical assessment for successful exam. Explain to the patient everything to be done .

23.   EQUIPMENTS STETHOSCOPE

24. OPHTHALMOSCOPE

25. OTOSCOPE

26. SNELLEN CHART

27. NASAL SPECULUM

28. VAGINAL SPECULUM

29. TUNING FORK

30. PERCUSSION HAMER

31. SPHYGMOMANOMETER