PHYSICS PROJECT BY MSC - NANOTECHNOLOGY

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1. Contents INTRODUCTION WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY START OF NANOTECHNOLOGY (HISTORY) HOW IS NANOTECHNOLOGY CREATED (APPROCHES) APPLICATION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY WHY NANO TECHNOLOGY IS IMPORTANT ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION

2. INTRODUCTION :- NANO & TECHNOLOGY NANO – One billionth Something divided into a million bits then each bit divided into thousand smaller bits . NANO is a GREEK Word “NANOS” Meaning – ‘ DWARF ‘EXTREMELY SMALL. TECNOLOGY - building things NANOTECHNOLOGY – Buil ding things from many tiny Parts

3. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY Nanotechnology is define as the study and use of the structure Between 1 nanometer 200 nanometer in size . To give you an Idea of how small that is , it would take eight hundred 100 nm partical side by side to match the width of human hair. Nanotechnology refers to the branch of science and engineering devoted designing, producing, and using structures, devices, and systems by manipulating atoms and molecules at nanoscale, i.e. having one or more dimensions of the order of 100 nanometres (100 millionth of a millimetre) or less.

4. START OF NANOTECHNOLOGY The First ever concept was presented in December 29 th , 1959 by the famous professor of Physics DR. Richard P. Feynman The word ‘Nanotechnology ‘ was explained by “ NARIO TANIGUCHI “ in 1974 .

5. How is Nanotechnology created ? Two main Approaches are used in Nanotechnology . Bottom - up Approach Top – down Approach

6. 1 . Bottom –up - In the bottom –up approach different materials and devices are constructed from molecular Components from their own . They chemically ensemble themselves by recognising the molecule of their own breed. Example of molecules self assembly are Nano lithography 2. Top – down - In top down approach Nano Objects and materials are created by larger entities without bouncing it’s atomic reaction usually top down approach is practiced less as compared to the bottom –up approach .

7. Application of Nanotechnology Electronic Biomedicine Energy Environment Food Textile

8. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN MEDICINE Application of Medical Nanotechnology span across a variety of areas such as In Drugs , Medicines etc In Diagnostic of diseases , abnormal conditions Etc. In Surgery In Medical Robotics In the general sake of increasing knowledge of the Human Body.

9. NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONIC Application of Nanotechnology in electronics improves the capabilities of electronic devices. Moreover, it decreases their weight and power consumption. It improves the density of memory chips. It also reduces the size of transistors used in integrated circuits. Generally, Nanometer scale refers to the electronic circuits less than 100nm . 1nm = 10-9 m

10. NANOTECHNOLOGY In Fabrics The properties of familier material are being changed by manufactures who are adding Nano size components to conventional materials to improve performance . For example – The nano coating of the fibers also creates a micro-rough surface that keeps water and dirt out. This also gives textiles a self-cleaning surface. To clean them, all you need to do is wipe them with a damp cloth or rinse them with running water, for example from a watering can. In manufacturing Bullet Proof Jackets .

11. Why Nano Is Important ? Nano technology is simply working at ever smaller dimensions rather working at the nanoscale enables scientist to Utilizes the unique physical, chemical , optical, properties of materials that naturally occurs at the scale. Nanotechnology is the part of science and technology About the control of control of matter on the atomic and molecule scale This means things that are about 100 nanometer across . Nanotechnology is the field of research and innovation concerned with building things Generally materials and devices On the scale of atom.

12. Advantages of nanotechnology With nanotechnology we can create Unique materials and product which are stronger lighter cheaper , durable and precise . Industrial computer which made with nanomaterial can become a billion time faster and million time smaller. Automatic populations clean up. Manufacturing at very low cost or no cost. In medical field – end of illness ( that is cancer and heart disease). Universal immunity Such diseases like flu. Less pollution Mass production in food and consumable .

13. Disadvantages of nanotechnology Health and safety issue . Nanoparticles can cause Serious illness or damage of human body . Carbon Nanotubes can cause Infection of lungs. Loss of job in manufacturing And farming etc . Atomic weapons could be More assessable and destructive. Nano pollution is created by Toxic waste.

14. Conclusion