Physiological-Changes-in-Animals-During-Transportation[1].pptx

This the ppt of dvm course

1. {title} Physiological Changes in Animals During Transportation Name : Amina Muzafar Roll no: 2023-dvmn-015 Subject Name : Animal welfare and ethics Subject code : Lpro-02206 {UVAS UNIVERSITY}

2. Physiological Changes in Animals During Transportation Animals undergo various physiological changes during transportation, including stress responses, cardiovascular adjustments, respiratory shifts, and gastrointestinal alterations. Understanding these changes is crucial for ensuring the well-being of animals during relocation or travel.

3. Factors Affecting Animal Physiology During Transportation Duration of Travel The length of the journey can significantly impact an animal's physiology, with longer trips causing more pronounced changes. Transport Conditions Factors like temperature, humidity, ventilation, and noise levels in the transport vehicle can influence an animal's physical response. Animal Characteristics Species, age, health status, and individual temperament can all contribute to how an animal reacts to the transportation process.

4. Stress Response in Animals During Transportation 1 Increased Cortisol Levels The body's stress response leads to a surge in cortisol, a hormone that can have wide-ranging physiological effects. 2 Altered Behavior Animals may exhibit signs of anxiety, aggression, or lethargy during transport, indicating high levels of stress. 3 Compromised Immune Function Prolonged stress can weaken an animal's immune system, making them more susceptible to illness or disease. 4 Metabolic Changes Stress can disrupt an animal's normal metabolic processes, potentially leading to weight loss or other issues.

5. Cardiovascular Changes in Animals During Transportation 1 Increased Heart Rate As animals experience stress, their heart rate may elevate to meet the increased demands on their cardiovascular system. 2 Blood Pressure Fluctuations Blood pressure can rise or fall depending on the animal's physiological response to the transportation environment. 3 Altered Blood Flow Transportation-related stress can cause changes in blood flow, prioritizing certain organs and systems over others.

6. Respiratory Changes in Animals During Transportation Shallow Breathing Stress can lead animals to take shorter, more rapid breaths, which may compromise their respiratory function. Decreased Oxygen Intake Altered breathing patterns can result in reduced oxygen intake, potentially causing respiratory distress. Airway Irritation Exposure to dust, fumes, or other environmental factors during transport can irritate an animal's respiratory system.

7. Gastrointestinal Changes in Animals During Transportation Digestive Disruption Stress can interfere with an animal's normal digestion, leading to issues like decreased appetite, nausea, or diarrhea. Dehydration Reduced water intake and increased fluid loss can cause dehydration, which can further compromise an animal's health. Gut Microbiome Imbalance The stress of transportation may disrupt the delicate balance of an animal's gut microbiome, impacting overall digestive function. Ulceration Prolonged stress can lead to the formation of stomach or intestinal ulcers, which can be painful and potentially life-threatening.

8. Behavioral Changes in Animals During Transportation Aggression Some animals may become more aggressive or territorial in response to the stress of being transported. Withdrawal Others may retreat into a state of withdrawal, hiding or refusing to engage with their surroundings. Vocalizations Increased or altered vocalizations, such as excessive barking or vocalization, can indicate an animal's distress.

9. Means of Transportation for Animals Ground Transport Vehicles like trucks, vans, or trailers can be used to transport animals over land. Air Transport Animals can be transported by plane, which may involve specialized cargo holds or in-cabin sections. Water Transport Ferries, ships, or other watercraft can be used to transport animals across bodies of water. Rail Transport Trains can also be used to transport animals, particularly for longer-distance journeys.

10. Strategies for Minimizing Physiological Impact During Animal Transportation Acclimation Gradually exposing animals to the transportation environment can help reduce stress. Environmental Control Maintaining appropriate temperature, humidity, and ventilation can minimize physiological strain. Reduced Transit Time Shortening the duration of the journey can lessen the physiological impact on animals. Veterinary Oversight Consulting with veterinarians to ensure proper care and monitoring during transport is crucial.