Physiology(liver and Pancreas)

lecture is about the structure and function of pancreas and liver
its very easy and understanible try to make your efforts and focud on it

1. Presentation Liver and pancrease structure and function .. YASEEN KHALID BS-CARDIOLOGY

2. PANCREASE INTRODUCTION THE PANCREAS IS AN ORGAN LOCATED IN THE ABDOMEN. IT PLAYS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE IN CONVERTING THE FOOD WE EAT INTO FUEL FOR THE BODY'S CELLS. THIS IS THE DUAL NATURE GLAND. SECRETE HARMONES AND ENZYME THROUGH PANCREATIC DUCT. GLAND IS DIVIDED INTO HEAD(UNCINATE PROCESS) NECK BODY TAIL HEAD INTERACT WITH DUODENUM TAIL INTERACT WITH SPLEEN

3. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM THESE INCLUDE CELLS CALLED ISLETS OF LANGERHAN’S ,THAT FORM CLUSTERS OF CELLS. THEY ARE ABOUT 2% IN WHOLE PANCREASE. THESE RELEASE HARMONES THAT REGULATE BODY’S SUGAR LEVEL ALPHA CELLS RELEASE GLUCAGON (CONVERT GLYCOGEN INTO GLUCOSE) BETA CELLS RELEASE INSULIN (CONVERT GLUCOSE INTO GLYCOGEN) GAMMA CELLS RELEASE POLYPEPTIDE CHAIN (INHIBIT EXOCRINE & gallbladder contraction) DELTA CELLS RELEASE SOMATOSTATIN (INHIBIT THE SECRETION OF PANCREATIC HARMONES) SOMATOSTATIN DECREASE THE INSULIN AND GLUCAGON. THESE HARMONES ARE RELEASED INTO BLOOD VESSELS

4. RELEASE HARMONES AND INTO THE BLOOD VESSELS

5. EXOCRINE SYSTEM THESE INCLUDE CELLS CALLED AS ACINAR CELLS ,THAT ALSO FORM CLUSTERS THEY ARE ABOUT 98% OF TOTAL IN PANCREASE IT RELEASES ENZYMES THAT HELP IN DIGESTION OF FOOD THE ENZYMES ARE AMYLASE (CARBOHYDRATES DIGESTION) PROTEASE (PROTIENS DIGESTION) LIPASE (LIPIDS OR FATS DIGESTION) NOTE:THESE ENZYMES ARE FIRSTLY WRAPED INTO A MEMBRANE AND WHEN POUR INTO DUODENUM,THEY BREAK THEIR MEMBRANE…. THEY ARE RELEASED THROUGH PROPER DUCTS(PANCREATIC DUCTS)

6. RELEASE ENZYMES AND INTO PROPER DUCTS

7. SOME QUESTIONS RELEATED TO PANCREASE PANCRESE MOSTLY PARTICIPATE IN FOOD DIGESTION AND GLUCOSE INTERCONVERSION Can you live without a pancreas? Yes , you can live without a pancreas. You'll need to make a few adjustments to your life, though. Your pancreas makes substances that control your blood sugar and help your body digest foods. After surgery, you'll have to take medicines to handle these functions REGENRATION IN PANCREAS: The adult pancreas displays a limited capacity to regenerate, although this regenerative capacity declines with age.

8. LIVER STRUCTURE liver is the largest (internal) organ of human body. The  liver  is a reddish-brown, wedge-shaped organ with four lobes of unequal size and shape. Liver is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity, it rests just below the diaphragm, to the right of the stomach. Liver perform a lot of function but few important are The liver's main job is to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body. Store glucose as glycogen The liver also detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs. Fibrinogen(clotting factors) and albumin(maintain pressure in blood vessels) are synthesized here. The liver secretes bile that ends up back in the intestines. The liver manufactures about half of the body's cholesterol Bilirubin Liver can regenerate….

9. The liver produce bile and is released to hepatic duct(right & left) and is stored in gall bladder for a time being. Whenever you eat the stored bile is released through cystic duct from gall bladder The cystic duct and pancreatic duct meets at a point called as common bile duct And the juice and bile is secreted into duodenum. Pancreatic juice AMYLASE (CARBOHYDRATES DIGESTION) PROTEASE (PROTIENS DIGESTION) LIPASE (LIPIDS OR FATS DIGESTION) Bile Bile contains bile acids, which are used for digestion and absorption of  fats  and  fat -soluble vitamins in the small intestine. Many waste products, including bilirubin, are eliminated from the body by secretion into bile and elimination in feces.

10. Salman khan Yaseen khalid Raza ullah Shahab khan