pid evt Presentation by Bastiaanssen.pptx

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1. Irrigation performance indicators, modelling methodology, limitations, results and recommendations PID 20 October Wim Bastiaanssen With inputs from PID and Tim Hessels

2. Study objectives Determine current levels of equity Prepare independent maps of ET, moisture and biomass production Merge flow and remote sensing data for assessing irrigation performance Prepare a Decision Support System (DSS) for improved canal operations (= focus on average farmer)

3. 30 m x 30 m irrigation-related data from satellites We can now estimate the actual crop water consumption and soil moisture for every 30 m x 30 m No flow measurements involved mm/d cm3/cm3 Actual evapotranspiration Soil moisture content root zone

4. SEBAL data flow S E B A L Images Albedo Vegetation index Surface temperature Cloud cover Obstacle height Weather grids Air temperature Air humidity Wind speed Elevation Model Slope Aspect Irrigation Performance Equity Adequacy Productivity Energy balance products Actual, potential, reference ET Soil moisture Crop production

5. Group Discussion on Irrigation Performance Indicators and a minimum list Indicator Maturity Goal IPI 1 ***** Canal water supply Q cw per unit irrigable land A irg ( Q cw / A irg ) IPI 2 ***** Irrigation Water Requirements IWR per unit of irrigated land ( ET pot -P net )/ Eff IPI 3 **** Adequacy canal water supply ( Q cw / IWR) IPI 4 ***** Total consumptive use per unit of irrigated land A irr ( ET act ) IPI 5 **** Total consumptive use per unit of irrigated crop ( ET act _ crop ) IPI 6 ** Consumptive use originating from canal water per unit of irrigated land A irr ( ET act _ CW ) IPI 7 * Consumptive use originating from canal water per unit of irrigated crop ( ET act _ CW _ crop ) IPI 8 **** Soil moisture root zone per unit of irrigated land A irr IPI 9 *** Under- irrigation per unit of irrigated land ( θ / θ crit ) IPI 10 *** Over- irrigation per unit of irrigated land ( θ / θ FC ) IPI 11 **** Crop water deficit of irrigated land ( ET pot – ET act ) IPI 12 **** Relative Water Deficit of irrigated land (1-ET act / ET pot ) IPI 13 *** Reliability of irrigation CV( θ (t)) - only once per season IPI 14 ***** Water productivity WP per unit of irrigated land (Bio/ET) IPI 15 **** Water productivity WP per unit of irrigated crop (Bio/ET) crop

6. Between Divisions Between Distributaries Between rotation cycles Aim is to maximize equity of canal water supply, but no longer based on land holdings only

7. Indent vs. actual flow for Divisions Non-uniform interpretation of indent

8. Canal supply per unit irrigable land Smaller distributary canals exhibit more variabilities

9. Synthesis of average canal flow per unit irrigable land during rabi 2017-18 and kharif 2018 Division No. distributaries with flow data CW Rabi No. distributaries with flow data CW Kharif     (mm/d)   (mm/d)           Balloki 8 1.72 → 1.38 13 3.10 → 2.45 Okara 27 1.19 → 1.38 27 2.09 → 2.45 Sahiwal 30 1.23 → 1.38 30 2.08 → 2.45 Khanewal 15 1.37 → 1.38 15 2.51 → 2.45           Average   1.38   2.45

10. Re-distribute canal water between rotation cycles - Balloki Rotation Startdate Enddate Current water supply Recommend water supply IWR ETact Under irrigation ( θ / θ crit ) Over irrigation ( θ / θ FC ) WP       IPI1   IPI2 IPI4 IPI9 IPI10 IPI14       (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (-) (-) (kg/m 3 ) R1 2017-10-21 2017-11-05 0.94 1.23 2.47 0.55 0.54 0.38 2.48 R2 2017-11-06 2017-11-29 2.38 1.37 2.05 0.36 0.39 0.28 2.80 R3 2017-11-30 2017-12-23 2.12 1.42 2.50 0.24 0.35 0.25 2.44 R4 2017-12-24 2018-01-16 0.46 1.26 3.50 0.69 0.62 0.44 2.47 R5 2018-01-17 2018-02-09     5.43 1.46 0.98 0.69 1.74 R6 2018-02-10 2018-03-05 1.57 1.32 4.71 1.78 1.19 0.84 1.91 R7 2018-03-06 2018-03-29 0.84 1.67 7.93 2.73 1.27 0.89 1.79 R8 2018-03-30 2018-04-22 1.78 1.39 5.64 2.35 0.97 0.68 1.07 average     1.72 1.38           R1 2018-04-23 2018-05-08 2.02 2.48 5.06 0.96 0.49 0.62 1.16 R2 2018-05-09 2018-06-01 1.86 2.45 4.59 0.93 0.46 0.62 1.07 R3 2018-06-02 2018-06-25 2.29 2.31 1.79 0.67 0.34 0.63 0.73 R4 2018-06-26 2018-07-19 3.42 1.88 0.95 0.98 0.49   0.64 R5 2018-07-20 2018-08-12 3.72   4.73 1.49 0.61 0.62 1.14 R6 2018-08-13 2018-09-05 3.82 2.67 6.87 2.03 0.97 0.62 1.50 R7 2018-09-06 2018-09-29 3.53 2.73 7.47 2.27 1.21 0.63 1.36 R8 2018-09-30 2018-10-23 2.27 2.63 6.65 1.54 0.99 0.62 1.89 average     3.10 2.45           Impact on main canal operations

11. Re-distribute water between distributaries - Balloki Distributary canal R1 R2 R3 R4 R4 R6 R7 R8   (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) (mm/d) Balir_Lift_Channel 0.94   0.57 K_Plot_Minor 1.84 2.03 1.53 1.24   1.31 1.66 1.74 Sher Garh Feeder 1.94 2.11 2.27 1.59   1.12 1.45 1.10 Jandwala_Minor 2.04 2.22 2.27 1.55   1.14 1.34 1.07 1AL_Feeder_Disty 1.94 2.11 2.01 1.43   1.21 1.45 1.33 L_Plot_Minor 1.83 2.11 1.91 1.30   1.03 1.36 2.05 Thatti_Kalassn_Disty 0.65 0.76 0.90 1.20   1.40 1.80 1.87 Khokhar_Disty 0.74 0.85 0.96 1.21   1.53 1.88 1.56 Katarmal_Minor 1.35 1.60 1.35 1.04   1.25 1.63 1.31 Ghuman_Kalan_Minor 0.69 0.82 0.95 1.15   1.50 1.91 1.36 Gugera_Branch_Direct_Outlets 0.70 0.87 1.11 1.26   1.45 1.82 1.50 Halah_Disty 0.70 0.86 1.17 1.23   1.37 1.77 1.50 Ghurkey_Minor 0.67 0.81 0.95 1.10   1.48 1.91 1.29 Aujla_Minor 0.95 1.16 1.19 1.12   1.40 1.80 1.21 Average 1.23 1.37 1.43 1.26 1.32 1.68 1.39

12. Actual EvapoTranspiration (ET)

13. Decisions to be made by PID Is equity in canal water supply per unit irrigable land important ? Is equity in consumptive use due to canal water supply important ? Is equity in consumptive use due to groundwater abstractions important ? Is equity in adequacy important, despite it is a protective irrigation system ? Would you provide more water to distributaries that have higher irrigation water requirements or the opposite; deprive distributaries from canal water that created their own void between supply and demand by accelerated introduction of rice, maize and orchards ? Would you reward distributaries with deficit and under-irrigation with more water or leave as it is because they follow proper practices that should be encouraged and continue unaffectedly ? Should you maintain current canal supplies to distributaries with high water productivity because they found their own solution with deficit irrigation to overcome the water shortage, or you reward them with more water because they use every drop wisely ? Would you allow usage of groundwater in distributaries where abstraction exceed recharge ?

14. Is upscaling feasible ? Yes ! Digitization of irrigation canals Crop mapping (although not strictly needed; nice to have) Select easy to use energy balance models Python scripting & user interface Make it quasi real time & add predictive capabilities

15. Conclusions and way forward Current water supply is neither according to indent nor equity Remote sensing can estimate crop water requirements, actual ET, soil moisture and water productivity Upscaling is feasible Field validation is very important Without affecting principles of equity, water supply and demand can be matched better with higher water productivity Water shortage in LBDC is a fact and will not change. It can only be alleviated