Pigafetta-Kartilya-Proclamation-of-Independence-Caricature-and-Aquinos-Speech-Powerpoint.pptx

Pigafetta-Kartilya-Proclamation

1. Content and Contextual Analysis of: (1) Pigafetta’s First Voyage Around the World (2) Emilio Jacinto’s Kartilya ng Katipunan (3) Proclamation of Philippine Independence (4) Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons (5) Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the US Congress GE 2- Readings in Philippine History

2. (1) FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD by ANTONIO PIGAFETTA Written in the 16 TH century by Antonio Pigafetta , chronicler of Magaellan during his expedition in the Philippines. Antonio Pigafetta is an Italian nobleman from Vicenza (formerly Republic of Venice) Recorded important observations and events in the Philippines such as the encounter with local leaders, Battle of Mactan in 1521 (Magellan against Lapu-Lapu ), and their departure from the islands. Written from the Western point of view

3. SOME OBSERVATIONS OF PIGAFETTA Marianas Islands was called Ladrones Island because the natives in this island stole some goods and a ship from Magellan’s fleet. In the Philippines, they first landed at Zamal (Samar) on March 16, 1521. On March 18, natives gave them fish, palm wine, figs, and cocho (coconut). They were fascinated with the coconut because of its many uses. In Homonhon Island which Pigafetta called as the “Watering Place of Good Signs,” they found traces of gold.

4. During their stay in Homonhon Island, they called the Philippines as the archipelago of St. Lazarus (because it was his feast day during their stay in the island, March 17, 1521) First Christian mass in the country was done in Mazaua ( Limasawa Island) during March 31, 1521. (Easter Sunday) They first met, Raja Siagu (ruler of Mazaua / Limasawa ) and Raja Colambu (ruler of Zuluan / Butuan and Calagan / Caraga . Magellan and his men then proceeded to Cebu and met Raja Humabon . They made a blood compact.

5. In April 14, Raja Colambu was converted to Christianity and was renamed as Carlos. His wife was renamed Juana. In April 26, the Battle of Mactan transpired. Lapu-Lapu and his 1,500 men defeated Magellan’s men and Raja Humabon’s men. WHY THE ACCOUNT OF PIGAFETTA IS RELEVANT? It recorded the early customs and way of living of pre-Hispanic Filipinos. It chronicled the local leaders of Visayas and Mindanao and how they interacted with the Spaniards.

6. (2) THE KKK and the Kartilya ng Katipunan Kataastaasan , Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan was founded in 1892. It was formed due to the failure of the Propagandists (the Ilustrados ) to lobby for reforms in the colony. KKK sought total independence from Spain and was an armed movement. KARTILYA NG KATIPUNAN- a written guide for the organization’s goals. It was written by Emilio Jacinto in 1896, also referred to as the “Brain of the Katipunan ” Kartilya contains code of conduct for a Katipunero .

7. SOME CONTENTS OF THE KARTILYA: “IV. Whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal: superiority in knowledge, wealth and beauty are to be understood, but not superiority by nature.” “VIII. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor before the law or in the field” “XI. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, but as a faithful companion who will share with thee the penalties of life; her (physical) weakness will increase thy interest in her and she will remind thee of the mother who bore thee and reared thee.”

8. Analysis of the Kartilya It promoted equality among men regardless of gender and race. Empowerment of the marginalized members of the society As a responsible citizen, one must be observe uprightness to attain a just society. Liberal values of the 18 th century such as Equality, tolerance, and freedom can be observed from the contents of the Kartilya .

9. (3) The Proclamation of Philippine Independence Philippine Independence from Spain was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 at Cavite Viejo, Cavite. Contained passages about the condition of the Philippines during the Spanish rule such as the abuses and unjust penalization of ordinary Indios and other atrocities done by the Spaniards. The above mentioned passage justified the Revolution against Spain. The proclamation also included the general history of the country, from the arrival of Magellan, Spanish Rule, Execution of GOMBURZA, the Philippine Revolution. It then proceeded with the actual proclamation of independence through the establishment of the authoritarian republic under Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Also introduced the qualities of the Philippine Flag

10. Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941) Alfred McCoy is an American Historian and History Professor from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Compiled political cartoons from newspapers together with Alfredo Roces . The book was published in 1985.

11. ANALYSIS OF THE POLITICAL CARTOONS It showed the day-to-day living of ordinary Filipinos during the American Period. Provided a glimpse on the Americanization of the Philippines. Also showed the transition between the Hispanic beliefs to the embracing of American ideals of the Filipinos.

12. Corazon Aquino’s Speech before the US Congress Corazon Aquino functioned as a symbol of the restoration of democracy in the country after the Dictator Ferdinand Marcos was ousted due to the atrocities done in the Martial Law period. Although politically inexperienced, Aquino was chosen to become the representative of the nation as she was able to capture the sentiments of the people. Due to this momentous event in Philippine History, she was invited to prepare a speech before the US Congress on the 18 September 1986.

13. CONTENTS OF THE SPEECH Corazon Aquino talked about the assassination of his husband, Ninoy Aquino and how he was detained prior to his death. Cory attributes the death of Ninoy to the spark of the peaceful EDSA People Power Revolution against the injustices done by the Marcos Dictatorship. Cory also mentioned her plans for peaceful negotiations with the insurgents in countryside. The crippling debt of $26 million by the country incurred during Marcos Years was also stated. Cory then reconciled this problems through mentioning her platforms for the recovery of the economy.

14. Analysis of the Speech Reveals Cory’s plan for drafting a democratic constitution that is anchored on the rights and liberties of the people. Although, parallelism can also be observed between Marcos and Aquino as both of them employs the same foreign policy with the United States. The speech provided ideas on the aspirations and principles of Corazon Aquino.