pipe fittings-935 notes water authority.pptx

For KWA operator

1. PIPE & PIPE FITTINGS 1

2. PURPOSE - PIPES & TUBES ● Domestic Water supply ● Waste water supply ● Oil & Gas supply ● Lubricating oil supply ● Industrial purpose WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 2

3. PIPE - MATERIALS ● G I PIPES ● PLASTIC PIPES ● AC PIPES ● CI PIPES ● COPPER PIPES ● BRASS PIPES ● SOIL PIPES ● COPPER PIPES WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 3

4. GI PIPE ● Galvanization process ● Zinc coated steel or iron pipe ● Corrosion resistance ● Better than black iron pipes WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 4

5. PLASTIC PIPES ● Common pipe used for plumbing ● Non corrosive, light weight, chemically resistant ● Low resistance to heat ● High rate of expansion when heated ● Lower crush resistance ● Most common materials are CPVC, PVC, PEX, PE, PB , ABS ͙. WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 5

6. AC PIPES ● Asbestos cement pipe ● Pure asbestos fiber, Portland cement and silica under high pressure in machines ● 5 cm to 100 cm in diameter ● 2 to 3 m in length ● Used for carrying waste water, rain water, etc… ● Water tightness can be obtained by using two rubber rings compressed between sleeve & pipe barrels. ● Asbestos leads to health hazards WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 6

7. CAST IRON PIPES ● Durable pipes usually used for sewage systems ● Heavy weight ● If treated roughly, pipe can crack ● Can be manufactured by sand casting & centrifugal casting WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 7

8. COPPER PIPES ● Durable & corrosion resistance ● Used in Hot water distribution & HVAC systems for refrigerant lines ● Fittings can be connected with soldered joints hence treated as permanent addition WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 8

9. SS PIPES ● Stainless steel ● Not commonly used due to high cost ● Used where environment is highly corrosive ● Commonly used in chemical plant & food processing units WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 9

10. STONEWARE PIPES ● Known as SW pipes ● Stoneware is a vitreous or semi-vitreous ceramic made primarily from stoneware clay or non-refractory fire clay. ● Material - Good quality clay ● Stoneware is fired at high temperatures. ● The interior and exterior surfaces of the pipes and fittings which remain exposed after jointing, shall be glazed with the help of volatized common salt Used in Sewage & Drain pipe line 10

11. PIPE FITTING - PURPOSE ● connect straight pipe or tubing sections of different sizes or shapes ● Provide a jointing method if 2 dissimilar piping materials are used in the one system. ● Common pipe fittings are Elbow, Tee , Cross, Reducer, Cap, Union WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 11

12. ELBOW WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 12

13. ELBOW ● Installed between two lengths of pipe or tube ● change of direction, usually 90° or 45°. ● When the two ends differ in size - Reducing or Reducer Elbow . ● Available in short radius or long radius of types. ● Short radius elbows have a center to end distance equal to the nominal diameter ● long radius is 1.5 times the nominal diameter . ● long radius - used to ensure smooth flow, reduce wear to both product and piping and to reduce the chance of getting blockages WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 13

14. TEE ● Branch off the pipe at 90 degree WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 14

15. TEE A swept tee - the branch enters the body at an arc and is used ● Either combine or split a fluid flow. ● Most common are equal tees which have the same body and branch diameter ● Reducing tees where either the branch or the body is a different diameter relative to each other . to minimize the frictional losses A wye tee - the branch is stabbed into the body at an angle and is usually used where the branch is a smaller diameter than the main pipe 15

16. CROSS ● A cross has one inlet and three outlets, or vice versa and like tees come in equal and reducing forms. ● more expensive than two tees but has the advantage of reduced space ● requires less labour to install. WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 16

17. REDUCERS ● used to join 2 different pipe sizes together. ● Either concentric or eccentric . ● Eccentric reducer - horizontal position ● Concentric reducer - vertical position WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 17

18. CAP & PLUG ● A type of pipe fitting which is liquid or gas tight ● used to cover the end of a pipe . ● Cap - Internal thread ● A cap has a similar function to a plug. ● Plug - external thread ● PLUG is used with internal threaded pipes WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 18

19. COUPLINGS ● Connect two pipes ● Internal threads at both ends ● coupling is usually a permanent joint ● Requires the ability of being able to rotate all the pipe to one side of it to unscrew it WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 19

20. UNION ● union is similar to a coupling ● It is designed to allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement. ● It permit connection with little change to the position of the pipe WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 20

21. Valves for Piping Systems ● Used to regulate the flow through pipes ● Valves may be operated manually, either by a hand wheel, or a lever or operated automatically by a pneumatic actuator or electrical drive motor. ● Functions of the valves are ▪ Stopping or starting fluid flow ▪ Varying (throttling) the amount of fluid flow ▪ Controlling the direction of fluid flow WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 21

22. Ball Valve ● Form of quarter-turn valve, which uses a hollow, perforated and pivoting ball to control flow through it ● Valve with a spherical centre which controls the flow through it. ● suitable for high pressures and temperatures. ● The sphere has a hole or port through the middle so that when the port is in line with both ends of the valve, flow will occur. ● When the valve is closed, the hole is perpendicular to the ends of the valve, and flow is blocked. ● Durable, reliable, closing securely after long period of disuse . WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 22

23. BUTTERFLY VALVE ● Rotary motion valve that is used to stop, regulate and start fluid flow ● they are lower in cost to other valve designs as well as being lighter in weight. ● Easily & quickly operated because a 90 degree rotation of the handle moves the disc from a fully closed position to fully opened WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 23

24. GLOBE VALVE ● Designed to stop, start & regulate flow. ● consisting of a movable disk-type element (the plug) and a stationary ring ● the plug is connected to a stem which is operated by screw action in manual valves. ● When a globe valve is manually operated, the stem is turned by a hand wheel which requires 3 to 4 complete revolutions to open or close the valve. ● Commonly used for corrosive or thick, viscous fluid that tends to solidfy. WINNERS ACADEMY 8136840030 24

25. GATE VALVE ● known as a sluice valve ● opens by lifting a barrier (gate or valve disc) out of the path of the fluid. ● Regulating the flow but only full flow or no flow condition. ● Not suitable for operations which require partially open operation. ● Gate valve permits water flow in Straight line ● Bonnet is made up of cast iron 25

26. CHECK VALVES ● A check valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a mechanical valve, which normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. ● cracking pressure (or opening pressure) which is the minimum upstream pressure at which the valve will operate. ● Spring loaded, swing type, clapper type valves are common type of check valves 26