Piping Inspection Gauge.pptx

Piping inspection gauge used to check interior of pipelines.

1. Presented by: Ms. Khushbu Mehta Piping Inspection Gauge(PIG)

2. Introduction Pipelines are the safest and most efficient way to transport any kind of fluid or product. Crude oils, petroleum products, gases all are transported thousands of kilometers through pipelines across the worlds. For the safety and environmental benefit, it is necessary to evaluating, inspecting and maintaining the integrity of pipelines. Using PIGs(Piping Inspection Gauges) which work on non-destructive method of testing(NDT), pipeline industries safely check for wax, debris, stress, corrosion, metal loss, dents and cracks.

3. P igging System A pigging system includes pigs, a launcher, and a receiver. There are basically three reasons to pig a pipeline: (1) to batch or separate dissimilar products; (2) to displace undesirable materials; and (3) to perform internal inspections. The pigs used to accomplish these tasks fall into three categories. 1. Utility Pigs , which are used to perform functions such as cleaning, separating, or dewatering. 2. In-Line Inspection Tools , which provide information on the condition of the line, as well as the extent and location of any problems. 3. Gel Pigs , which are used in conjunction with conventional pigs to optimize pipeline dewatering, cleaning, and drying tasks.

4. Utility Pigs Utility pigs can be divided into two groups based upon their fundamental purpose: cleaning pigs used to remove solid or semi-solid deposits or debris from the pipeline, and (2) sealing pigs used to provide a good seal in order to either sweep liquids from the line, or provide an interface between two dissimilar products within the pipeline. Within these two groups, a further subdivision can be made to differentiate among the various types or forms of pigs: Spherical Pigs Foam Pigs Mandrel Pigs Solid Cast Pigs.

5. Gel pigs are ideal to use where convectional pigging is not possible, usually because of no launching or receiving possible, tight bends or significant change in inner ID Main four types of Gel that are used in pipeline applications: 1.Batching or Separator gel 2.Debries pickup gel 3.Hydrocarbon gel 4.Dehydrating gel The principle pipeline applications for gel pigs are as follows: Product separation Debris removal Dewatering,Swabbing,de-oiling and drying Condensate removal from gas lines Inhibitor and biocide lay down Special chemical treatment Removal of stuck pigs Gel pigs

6. In-line inspection tools These type of tools are used for measuring metal loss and detecting crack of pipelines. They are outfitted with magnets,sensors,expandable dimensional inspection calipers,GPS or alternative location device to map and transmit data to engineers. These tools are especially suitable if there are high requirements regarding sensitivity and accuracy, which is especially relevant in offshore pipelines. These tools are also well suited with regard to the range of wall thicknesses usually experienced in offshore lines. They are also known as ‘ Intelligent Pig ’.

7. In-line inspection tools In-line inspection tools are used to carry out various types of tasks including: Measuring pipe diameter/geometry Monitoring pipeline curvature Determining pipeline profile Recording temperature/pressure Measuring bend Detecting metal-loss/corrosion Performing photographic inspection Detecting crack Measuring wax deposition Detecting leak Taking product samples Mapping

8. Drive Cups For propulsion through the pipe Speed Control Unit To measure the speed of PIG & control bypass valve to set the required speed Magnetic Flux Unit Powerful magnets & measures pipe wall thickness Battery & Data Storage Unit To power the sensors and to record data for analysis Caliper Sensors Measures any dents, ovalities and shallow internal corrosion Odometer Wheels Keep the pig centered in the pipeline & measure speed and distance ANATOMY OF AN INTELLIGENT PIG

9. Magnetic Flux Leakage(MFL)Tool 90% of inline inspection tools works based on magnetic method of non-destructive method of testing that is used to detect corrosion and pitting. MFL tool works by using high power magnets to create continuous magnetic field circle within the pipeline wall to detect magnetic flux leakage. Due to corrosion and other damages magnetic field leaks and its pattern changes detected by detector placed between two poles of magnet and stored. After completing the journey in pipeline data is downloaded and analyzed. by technician using different models to interpret the data and determine if and where repairs need to be made. Magnetic Sensor looks like Corrosion looks like in analyzed data

10. Ultrasound Testing Ultrasound testing is a non-destructive method in which beams of high-frequency sound waves are introduced into a test object to measure wall thickness or to detect flaws in the material. The audible frequency range for the human ear is between 20 Hz and 20 kHz: sound waves with frequencies above 20 kHz are called Ultrasound. An ultrasound transducer is used to generate an ultrasonic wave in a sensor probe that propagated to the pipeline wall. The transducer records the reflections (echoes) caused by both internal and external surfaces. On the basis of the reflections of the ultrasonic wave, the thickness of the material can be assessed and provides information related the presence and location of discontinuities or flaws (corrosion).

11. Pig Launcher and Receiver Pigs generally need specially designed launching and receiving vessels (launcher and receiver) to introduce them into the pipeline safely and propelling the pig from source to destination. And also used for storing PIGs when they are not in use. The launcher and receiver are installed at the upstream and downstream of the pipeline section being pigged, respectively. The launcher and receiver known as pig stations, consists of specialist valve which control pig propellant and hence the pig. Launcher is drained and PIG is loaded through hatch at the end of pipeline. The pipeline product pressure pushes the PIG in the pipeline. Launcher Receiver

12. References [1] Tirastoo J. N.H. Pipeline Pigging Technolog-Vol 1. Gulf Professional Publishing. Houston, TX.1991;223-278. [2]Cordell J., Vanzant H. All about pigging : the design of pipelines and facilities for conventional and intelligent pigging and a guide to pig selection , operation and maintenance and to pipeline pigging services. On-Stream Systems Ltd, P O Box 66,Cirencester,Gloucestershire.GL7 1ZF,U.K.1996;53-76 [3] Guo B., Liu X.,Tan X. Pipeline Pigging. Petroleum Production Engineering.Elsevier Inc. 2017;701-720. [4] Bai Y., Bai Q.Subsea Pipeline Integrity and Risk Management. Elsevier Science Ltd. 2014; 73-99. [5] Ramella C., Canavese G., Corbellini S.A novel smart caliper foam pig for low-cost pipeline inspection - Part B: Field test and data processing- Vol 133. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering.2015; 771-775. [6] Gupta A.,Sirkar A.Introduction to Pigging & a Case Study on Pigging of an Onshore Crude Oil Trunkline-Vol 5.International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management and Applied Science.2016;18-25.

13. [7]Magnetic Flux Leakage Measurement Technology. retrieved on January 2, 2018, from http://www.rosengroup.com/global/company/explore/wecan/technologies/measurement/mfl.html [8]Pipeline Products: Pig Launcher and Receiver. retrieved on December 8, 2017, from http://www.jamisonproducts.com/pipeline-products/pig-launchers-receivers.html [9] Intelligent Pigging Pipeline Inspection Services retrieved on January 2, 2018, from http://www.intertek.com/pipeline-inline-inspection/ [10] Magnetic Flux Leakage In Ndt Technology. retrieved on December 12,2017, from https://www.eddyfi.com/technologies/magnetic-flux-leakage- mfl /

14. Thank You…