Plagiarism & Ethics

Plagiarism & Research Ethics

2. Plagiarism
Copying & published by own name-PLAGIARISM
It is taken from Latin word PLAGIARY means KIDNAP.
The term plagiarism was first coined by BEN JONSON in
1601.
It is a academic Dishonesty, Fraud, Misconduct, Cheating.
It is closely related to Forgery, Piracy & Literary theft.
It is considered theft or stealing of ideas, text etc. but not a
crime, not defined or punished by law, but still a serious
ethical moral offense.
Volition of Copyright/intellectual property or patent or
monopoly laws which are defined & punishable.

3. Types of Plagiarism
1.Copy-cut-paste
2.Disguisedplagiarism
3.Plagiarismbytranslation
4.Shake&paste
5.Structuralplagiarism
6.Mosaicplagiarism
7.Metaphorplagiarism
8.Ideaplagiarism
9.Selfplagiarism
10.Collusion

4. Reasons for Plagiarism
Lack of consequences
Immature writing skills
Time management issues
Fear of failing
Efficiency gains
Feeling that others do it
Lack of personal integrity in the workplace
Feeling that plagiarizing will result in a higher grade than
if completed the assignment by herself
Feeling that the no one will not recognize plagiarized text
Feeling that everything on the Internet is public
Easy availability of material

5. How to avoid Plagiarism
Learnwhatplagiarism&consequences
Faceeachassignmentaslearningopportunity
Assemble&analyseyourownsetofsources
Alwaysprovidereferencesfor-ideas,opinion,theories,
facts,statistics,graphs,images,speech
Startyourresearchearly
Whenindoubtdonotdo

6. Consequences of Plagiarism
Hinderingoffuturechancesinlife&sanctions
forplagiarismcanrangefromgetting-
Lowgrade
Failinganassignment
Failingthecourse
Suspension
Expulsion
Socialboycott/ethicalboycott
…&dependsoninstitution….butrarelylegal
action

7. Research ethics
(Biomedical research)
Ethics in research
Objectives of research ethics-
To protect human participants
The research must serve the interests of
individuals/groups/society as whole
To examine the research topic for risk management

8. Research ethics
Research should be-
Original&novel
Resultsshouldbereproducible
Productionable
Economical
Stability
Beneficialformankind
Acceptable
Important
Supportedwithexitingresearch
Negativeresultsalsoequalityimportant
Repetitiveresultssupporttoexitingdata
Hugeusefulness

9. Research ethics
Honesty, as per laws-NIH, WHO, CPCSEA, PETA, WAP,
PFA, MFA, FOA etc.-No use of animals, use small animal, use
less no. of animals, rehabilitation, painless-followEuthanasia
Use alternative to animals-
Micro-organisms
Cell culture
Chick embryo
Rabbit blastocysts
Computer based programs

10. References
1.Bahadori, M., Izadi, M. andHoseinpourfard, M. (2012). Plagiarism:
concepts, factors and solutions. Iranian J. Military Med., 14(3): 168-
177.
2.Akbar. (2018). Defining plagiarism: a literature review. Ethical
lingua, 5(1): 31-38.
3.Karami, M. andDanaei, G.H. (2016). A brief review of plagiarism in
medical scientific research papers. Pharmaceutical & Biomed. Res.,
2(2): 1-8.
4.Ferro, M.J. and Martins, H.F. (2016). Academic plagiarism: Yielding
to temptation. British J. Edu. Society &Behav. Sci., 13(1): 1-11.
5.Naik, R.R.,Landge, M.B. andMehender, C.N. (2015). A review on
plagiarism detection tools. Inter. J. Computer app., 125(11): 16-22.
6.https://en.wikipedia.org/wikipedia:plagiarism.