PLAGUE disease in infection disease pptx

Plague disease

1. PLAGUE DISEASE Nadeen Gamal Group 39EM

2. PLAGUE a serious bacterial infection that affects humans and other mammals. It is caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. There are five forms of plague: bubonic pneumonic septicaemic meningeal pharyngeal

3. Yersinia pestis

4. PLAGUE

5. Where is plague found?

6. How do Humans Become Infected?

7. Incubation Period

8. Infectious Period A person is infectious from onset of cough until 48 hours after treatment with antibiotics and signs of clinical improvement.

9. Bubonic plague (most common) Risk Factors Bite from infected fleas, most commonly the Oriental rat flea ( Xenopsylla cheopsis ) Characteristics Swollen, tender lymph nodes (i.e. “bubo”) near the site of a flea bite  Fever, chills, malaise, headache  Symptoms onset 2-8 days after exposure 

10. Pneumonic plague  Risk Factors Inhaled through infectious respiratory droplets from a sick animal or human  Characteristics Fever, shortness of breath, cough with purulent or bloody sputum  Chest X-ray (CXR)  often looks “worse” than the patient early on in course  Bilateral pulmonary infiltrates often present  Symptoms onset 1-3 days after exposure 

11. Septicaemic plague  Risk Factors  a recent flea bite and exposure to rodents, especially rabbits, squirrels, or prairie dogs, or scratches or bites from infected domestic cats. Characteristics Fever and sepsis without localizing symptoms. Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea may be present  Delays in diagnosis are often present 

12. Meningeal plague Risk Factors Recent infection with bubonic, pneumonic, or septicaemic plague  Characteristics S tiff neck, and confusion  Present in 6% of individuals with plague.   Symptom onset 9-14 days after onset of acute plague infection 

13. Pharyngeal plague  Risk Factors Contamination of the oropharynx with  Y. pestis- infected materials such as inadequately cooked meat of infected animals. Characteristics Sore throat with or without swollen lymph nodes in the neck 

14. Laboratory Diagnosis Material from infected bubo Blood specimen (Series taken 10-30 minutes apart) Bronchial or Tracheal Wash Sputum (Not the best) laboratory validated rapid dipstick test

15. Plague Treatment and Prophylaxis Without treatment: Death 2-6 days after exposure Treatment is effective if begun early Symptomatic Exposed (cough or fever) Streptomycin or Gentamicin Doxycycline or Tetracycline Ciprofloxacin Post-exposure Prophylaxis Doxycycline or Ciprofloxacin (7 days) Fever/Cough watch

16. Infection Prevention Control Y. pestis  is transmitted through larger exhaled water particles and remains suspended for a short duration of time. While standard precautions are used for all patients, droplet precautions, meaning use of a medical mask, are also utilized for patients with suspected or confirmed pneumonic plague.  

17. Infection Prevention Control Transmission is highest when a patient is in the mid- to late-stages of infection, when patients are both coughing vigorously and have large amounts of bacteria present in their lungs. Droplet precautions may be removed once a patient has had effective antibiotics for at least 48 hours, clinical improvement is seen, and sputum production has decreased

18. Infection Prevention Control

19. Managing plague outbreaks

20. Managing plague outbreaks

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